{"id":939,"date":"2014-10-28T16:21:59","date_gmt":"2014-10-28T16:21:59","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/nonverbal-dictionary\/?p=939"},"modified":"2015-06-06T12:36:29","modified_gmt":"2015-06-06T12:36:29","slug":"body-language-of-splayed-feet-or-feet-pointed-outward","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/nonverbal-dictionary\/body-language-of-splayed-feet-or-feet-pointed-outward\/","title":{"rendered":"Body Language of Splayed Feet or Feet Pointed Outward"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Body Language of Splayed Feet or Feet Pointed Outward<\/p>\n<p><strong><a href=\"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/nonverbal-dictionary\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/10\/BodyLanguageProjectCom-Splaying-The-Body-or-Taking-Up-More-Space-4.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright size-full wp-image-2128\" alt=\"BodyLanguageProjectCom - Splaying The Body or Taking Up More Space 4\" src=\"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/nonverbal-dictionary\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/10\/BodyLanguageProjectCom-Splaying-The-Body-or-Taking-Up-More-Space-4.jpg\" width=\"500\" height=\"333\" srcset=\"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/nonverbal-dictionary\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/10\/BodyLanguageProjectCom-Splaying-The-Body-or-Taking-Up-More-Space-4.jpg 500w, http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/nonverbal-dictionary\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/10\/BodyLanguageProjectCom-Splaying-The-Body-or-Taking-Up-More-Space-4-300x199.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/><\/a>Cue<\/strong>: Splayed Feet or Feet Pointed Outward.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Synonym(s)<\/strong>: Feet Pointed Outward, Duck Feet.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Description<\/strong>: While standing, the toes are pointed or splayed outward away from each other.<\/p>\n<p><strong>In One Sentence<\/strong>: Splayed feet are a dominance indicator.<\/p>\n<p><strong>How To Use it<\/strong>: When trying to appear dominant rather than submissive, splay the feet outward rather than inward. This helps to create a larger expansive profile. This is effective in business as well as any other position where having a high rank is beneficial or desired.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Context<\/strong>: General<\/p>\n<p><strong>Verbal Translation<\/strong>: \u201cWhen I point my toes outward or splay them, I\u2019m expanding my profile to appear more dominant and authoritative.\u201d<\/p>\n<p><strong>Variant<\/strong>: See <a href=\"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/nonverbal-dictionary\/body-language-of-pigeon-toes-or-tibial-torsion\/\" target=\"_blank\">Pigeon toes or Tibial Torsion<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Cue In Action<\/strong>: He positioned his arms behind his back, chin up, chest puffed out, his feet splayed. They knew the principle of the school meant business.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Meaning and\/or Motivation<\/strong>: Usually the feet of the military man are splayed outward to take up more space and dominance, which is opposite to tibial torsion when the toes point inward to signal submission. When the feet are turned outward, they indicate that a person is upset, being threatened or is threatening others.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Cue Cluster<\/strong>: Coupled with splayed feet are other dominant cues such as shoulders back, head up and chin out, chest puffed out, and arms crossed or behind the back.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Body Language Category<\/strong>: Amplifier, Arrogance or arrogant body language, Aggressive body language, Authoritative body language, Dominant body language, Expansive movements.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Resources: <\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Allen, Jill; Sarah J. Gervais and Jessi L. Smith. Sit Big to Eat Big: The Interaction of Body Posture and Body Concern on Restrained Eating. Psychology of Women Quarterly 2013. 37(3): 325-336. DOI: 10.1177\/0361684313476477pwq.sagepub.com<\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"IYspLApkfq\"><p><a href=\"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/articles\/sit-big-to-eat-big-how-constrictive-postures-reduce-food-consumption\/\">Sit Big To Eat Big \u2013 How Constrictive Postures Reduce Food Consumption<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; visibility: hidden;\" title=\"&#8220;Sit Big To Eat Big \u2013 How Constrictive Postures Reduce Food Consumption&#8221; &#8212; Body Language Project.com\" src=\"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/articles\/sit-big-to-eat-big-how-constrictive-postures-reduce-food-consumption\/embed\/#?secret=sxNJB14lqX#?secret=IYspLApkfq\" data-secret=\"IYspLApkfq\" width=\"593\" height=\"334\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>Arnette, S. L., &#038; Pettijohn, T. F., II. (2012). The effects of posture on self-perceived leadership. International Journal of Business and Social Science, 3, 8\u201313.<\/p>\n<p>Bohns, Vanessa K. and Scott S. Wiltermuth. It Hurts When I Do This (Or You Do That): Posture And Pain tolerance. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology. 2012. 48: 341-345.<\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"gL11I6Vlxq\"><p><a href=\"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/articles\/dominant-and-submissive-postures-affects-more-than-public-perception-it-also-affects-felt-pain-and-physical-strength\/\">Dominant And Submissive Postures Affects More Than Public Perception &#8211; It Also Affects Felt Pain And Physical Strength<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; visibility: hidden;\" title=\"&#8220;Dominant And Submissive Postures Affects More Than Public Perception &#8211; It Also Affects Felt Pain And Physical Strength&#8221; &#8212; Body Language Project.com\" src=\"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/articles\/dominant-and-submissive-postures-affects-more-than-public-perception-it-also-affects-felt-pain-and-physical-strength\/embed\/#?secret=fRnnISnyYh#?secret=gL11I6Vlxq\" data-secret=\"gL11I6Vlxq\" width=\"593\" height=\"334\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>Bri\u00f1ol, P., Petty, R. E., &#038; Wagner, B. (2009). Body posture effects on self-evaluation: A self-validation approach. European Journal of Social Psychology, 39, 1053\u20131064.<\/p>\n<p>Bartholomewn, Morgan E.; Sheri L. Johnson. Nonverbal Dominance Behavior Among Individuals at Risk for Mania. Journal of Affective Disorders. 2014. 159: 133-138.<br \/>\nCarney, Dana R.; Amy J.C. Cuddy; Andy J. Yap. Power Posing: Brief Nonverbal Displays Affect Neuroendocrine Levels and Risk Tolerance. Psychological Science, 2010; 21 (10): 1363-1368.<\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"IIUK5CHZQs\"><p><a href=\"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/articles\/benefits-power-posing-high-stakes-performance\/\">The Benefits Of Power Posing Before High Stakes Performance<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; visibility: hidden;\" title=\"&#8220;The Benefits Of Power Posing Before High Stakes Performance&#8221; &#8212; Body Language Project.com\" src=\"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/articles\/benefits-power-posing-high-stakes-performance\/embed\/#?secret=l2fZKJhIQP#?secret=IIUK5CHZQs\" data-secret=\"IIUK5CHZQs\" width=\"593\" height=\"334\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>Burgoon, J. K., Johnson, M. L., &#038; Koch, P. T. (1998). The nature and measurement of interpersonal dominance. Communication Monographs, 65, 308\u2013335.<\/p>\n<p>Bertamini, Marco ; Byrne, Christopher ; Bennett, Kate M.  Attractiveness is influenced by the relationship between postures of the viewer and the viewed person. i-Perception. 2013. 4(3): 170-179.<\/p>\n<p>Cashdan, Elizabeth.  Smiles, Speech, and Body Posture: How Women and Men Display Sociometric Status and Power. Journal of Nonverbal Behavior. 1998. 22(4): 209-228.<\/p>\n<p>Carney, D. R., Hall, J. A., &#038; LeBeau, L. S. (2005). Beliefs about the nonverbal expression of social power. Journal of Nonverbal Behavior, 29, 105\u2013123.<\/p>\n<p>Cuddy, Amy J.C., Caroline A. Wilmuth, and Dana R. Carney. The Benefit of Power Posing Before a High-Stakes Social Evaluation. Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 13-027, September 2012.<\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"IIUK5CHZQs\"><p><a href=\"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/articles\/benefits-power-posing-high-stakes-performance\/\">The Benefits Of Power Posing Before High Stakes Performance<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; visibility: hidden;\" title=\"&#8220;The Benefits Of Power Posing Before High Stakes Performance&#8221; &#8212; Body Language Project.com\" src=\"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/articles\/benefits-power-posing-high-stakes-performance\/embed\/#?secret=l2fZKJhIQP#?secret=IIUK5CHZQs\" data-secret=\"IIUK5CHZQs\" width=\"593\" height=\"334\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>Carney, Dana R.; Amy J.C. Cuddy; Andy J. Yap. Power Posing: Brief Nonverbal Displays Affect Neuroendocrine Levels and Risk Tolerance. Psychological Science, 2010; 21 (10): 1363-1368.<\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"IIUK5CHZQs\"><p><a href=\"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/articles\/benefits-power-posing-high-stakes-performance\/\">The Benefits Of Power Posing Before High Stakes Performance<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; visibility: hidden;\" title=\"&#8220;The Benefits Of Power Posing Before High Stakes Performance&#8221; &#8212; Body Language Project.com\" src=\"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/articles\/benefits-power-posing-high-stakes-performance\/embed\/#?secret=l2fZKJhIQP#?secret=IIUK5CHZQs\" data-secret=\"IIUK5CHZQs\" width=\"593\" height=\"334\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>Cesario, J., &#038; McDonald, M. M. (2013). Bodies in context: Power poses as a computation of action possibility. Social Cognition, 31, 260\u2013274.<\/p>\n<p>de Lemus, Soledad; Russell Spears and and Miguel Moya. The Power of a Smile to Move You: Complementary Submissiveness in Women\u2019s Posture as a Function of Gender Salience and Facial Expression. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin. 2012. 38(11): 1480-1494.<\/p>\n<p>Fischer, Julia; Peter Fischer; Birte Englich; Nil\u00fcfer Aydin and Dieter Frey. Empower My Decisions: The Effects of Power Gestures on Confirmatory Information Processing. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology. 2011. 47: 1146-1154.<\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"JKsDlE9BDX\"><p><a href=\"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/articles\/downside-power-posing-body-language-looking-power-posing-action-study\/\">The Downside To Power Posing Body Language Looking At Power Posing In Action, Study<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; visibility: hidden;\" title=\"&#8220;The Downside To Power Posing Body Language Looking At Power Posing In Action, Study&#8221; &#8212; Body Language Project.com\" src=\"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/articles\/downside-power-posing-body-language-looking-power-posing-action-study\/embed\/#?secret=M1ijSupVFI#?secret=JKsDlE9BDX\" data-secret=\"JKsDlE9BDX\" width=\"593\" height=\"334\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>Ginsburg, Harvey J. ; Pollman, Vicki A. ; Wauson, Mitzi S. Odom, Richard D. (editor).  An ethological analysis of nonverbal inhibitors of aggressive behavior in male elementary school children. Developmental Psychology. 1977 13(4): 417-418.<\/p>\n<p>Gorkan Ahmetoglu, Viren Swami. Do Women Prefer \u201cNice Guys?\u201d The Effect Of Male Dominance Behavior On Women\u2019s Ratings. Social Behavior And Personality, 2012; 40(4), 667-672.<\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"JvnZaoaL9E\"><p><a href=\"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/articles\/how-to-significantly-increase-male-attractiveness-with-simple-body-language-nice-guys-finish-last-once-again\/\">How To Significantly Increase Male Attractiveness With Simple Body Language \u2013 \u201cNice Guys\u201d Finish Last Once Again<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; visibility: hidden;\" title=\"&#8220;How To Significantly Increase Male Attractiveness With Simple Body Language \u2013 \u201cNice Guys\u201d Finish Last Once Again&#8221; &#8212; Body Language Project.com\" src=\"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/articles\/how-to-significantly-increase-male-attractiveness-with-simple-body-language-nice-guys-finish-last-once-again\/embed\/#?secret=XuEoscINsq#?secret=JvnZaoaL9E\" data-secret=\"JvnZaoaL9E\" width=\"593\" height=\"334\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>Hall, Judith ; LeBeau, Lavonia ; Reinoso, Jeannette ; Thayer, Frank.  Status, Gender, and Nonverbal Behavior in Candid and Posed Photographs: A Study of Conversations Between University Employees. Sex Roles. 2001 44(11): 677-692.<\/p>\n<p>Huang, L., Galinsky, A. D., Gruenfeld, D. H., &#038; Guillory, L. E. (2011). Powerful postures versus powerful roles: Which is the proximate correlate of thought and behavior? Psychological Science, 22, 95\u2013102.<\/p>\n<p>Laird, J. D., &#038; Lacasse, K. (2014). Bodily influences on emotional feelings: Accumulating evidence and extensions of William James\u2019s theory of emotion. Emotion Review, 6, 27\u201334.<\/p>\n<p>Lee, E. H., &#038; Schnall, S. (2014). The influence of social power on weight perception. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 143, 1719\u20131725.<\/p>\n<p>Michalak, J., Mischnat, J., &#038; Teismann, T. (2014). Sitting posture makes a difference: Embodiment effects on depressive memory bias. Clinical Psychology &#038; Psychotherapy, 21, 519\u2013524.<\/p>\n<p>Minvaleev, R. S., Nozdrachev, A. D., Kir\u2019yanova, V. V., &#038; Ivanov, A. I. (2004). Postural influences on the hormone level in healthy subjects: I. The cobra posture and steroid hormones. Human Physiology, 30, 452\u2013456.<\/p>\n<p>Mondloch, Catherine J.  Sad or Fearful? The Influence of Body Posture on Adults&#8217; and Children&#8217;s Perception of Facial Displays of Emotion. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology. 2012. 111(2): 180-196.<\/p>\n<p>Middleton, W. C., &#038;Moffett, D. C. (1940). The relation of height and weight measurements to intelligence and to dominance-submission among a group of college freshmen. Research Quarterly of the American Association for Health, Physical Education, and Recreation, 11, 53\u201359.<\/p>\n<p>Meier, B.P., Robinson, M.D., &#038; Caven, A.J. (in press). Why a big mac is a good mac: Associations between affect and size. Basic and Applied Social Psychology.<\/p>\n<p>Matsumura, Shuichi ; Hayden, Thomas J. When should signals of submission be given?\u2013A game theory model. Journal of Theoretical Biology. 2006. 240(3): 425-433.<\/p>\n<p>Mehrabian, Albert Holzberg, Jules D. (editor).  Inference of Attitudes From the Posture, Orientation and Distance of a Communicator.  Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 1968. 32(3): 296-308.<\/p>\n<p>Mehrabian, Albert Deese, James (editor).  Significance of posture and position in the communication of attitude and status relationships.  Psychological Bulletin. 1969. 71(5):  359-372.<\/p>\n<p>Matsumoto, D., &#038; Willingham, B. (2006). The thrill of victory and the agony of defeat: Spontaneous expressions of medal winners of the 2004 Athens Olympic Games. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 91(3), 568\u2013581.<\/p>\n<p>Mouterde, S. C., Duganzich, D. M., Molles, L. E., Helps, S., Helps, R., &#038; Waas, J. R. (2012). Triumph displays inform eavesdropping little blue penguins of new dominance asymmetries. Animal Behaviour, 83, 605\u2013611.<\/p>\n<p>Navarro, Joe. 2008. What Every BODY is Saying: An Ex-FBI Agent&#8217;s Guide to Speed-Reading People. William Morrow Paperbacks.<\/p>\n<p>Nair, S., Sagar, M., Sollers, J., III, Consedine, N., &#038; Broadbent, E. (2014). Do slumped and upright postures affect stress responses? A randomized trial. Health Psychology. Advance online publication. doi:10.1037\/hea0000146<\/p>\n<p>Park, Lora E.; Lindsey Streamer; Li Huang and Adam D. Galinsky. Stand Tall, But Don\u2019t Put Your Feet Up: Universal and Culturally-Specific Effects of Expansive Postures On Power. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology. 2013; 49: 965\u2013971.<\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"75YTxTowut\"><p><a href=\"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/articles\/are-expansive-postures-of-power-universal-or-cultural\/\">Are Expansive Postures Of Power Universal Or Cultural?<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; visibility: hidden;\" title=\"&#8220;Are Expansive Postures Of Power Universal Or Cultural?&#8221; &#8212; Body Language Project.com\" src=\"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/articles\/are-expansive-postures-of-power-universal-or-cultural\/embed\/#?secret=3OZ7I5ZBXu#?secret=75YTxTowut\" data-secret=\"75YTxTowut\" width=\"593\" height=\"334\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>Ranehill, Eva; Anna Dreber; Magnus Johannesson; Susanne Leiberg; Sunhae Sul and Roberto A. Weber. Assessing the Robustness of Power Posing: No Effect on Hormones and Risk Tolerance in a Large Sample of Men and Women. Psychological Science, March, 2015. doi: 10.1177\/0956797614553946<\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"tM17F4qYF4\"><p><a href=\"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/articles\/power-posing-no-effect-hormones-amy-cuddy-wrong\/\">Power Posing Has No Effect On Hormones (Amy Cuddy Was Wrong)<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; visibility: hidden;\" title=\"&#8220;Power Posing Has No Effect On Hormones (Amy Cuddy Was Wrong)&#8221; &#8212; Body Language Project.com\" src=\"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/articles\/power-posing-no-effect-hormones-amy-cuddy-wrong\/embed\/#?secret=WWr0GzCPBh#?secret=tM17F4qYF4\" data-secret=\"tM17F4qYF4\" width=\"593\" height=\"334\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>Riskind, John H. Manis, Melvin (editor). They stoop to conquer: Guiding and self-regulatory functions of physical posture after success and failure.  Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 1984 47(3): 479-493.<\/p>\n<p>Riskind, J. H., &#038; Gotay, C. C. (1982). Physical posture: Could it have regulatory or feedback effects on motivation and emotion? Motivation and Emotion, 6, 273\u2013298.<\/p>\n<p>Roberts, Tomi-Ann and Yousef Arefi-Afshar. Not All Who Stand Tall Are Proud: Gender Differences in the Proprioceptive Effects of Upright Posture. 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Dominance cues in nonverbal behavior. Social Psychology Quarterly, 45, 114\u2013120.<\/p>\n<p>Stepper, S., &#038; Strack, F. (1993). Proprioceptive determinants of emotional and nonemotional feelings. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 64, 211\u2013220.<\/p>\n<p>Schenkel, Rudolf. Submission: Its Features and Function in the Wolf and Dog. American Zoologist. 1967. 7(2): 319-329.<\/p>\n<p>Stepper, S., &#038; Strack, F. (1993). Proprioceptive determinants of emotional and nonemotional feelings. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 64, 211\u2013220.<\/p>\n<p>Strelan, P., Weick, M., &#038; Vasiljevic, M. (2013). Power and revenge. British Journal of Social Psychology, 53, 521\u2013540.<\/p>\n<p>Tiedens, Larissa Z. and Alison R. Fragale. Power Moves: Complementarity in Dominant and Submissive Nonverbal Behavior. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 2003, 84(3): 558\u2013568.<\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"tM17F4qYF4\"><p><a href=\"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/articles\/power-posing-no-effect-hormones-amy-cuddy-wrong\/\">Power Posing Has No Effect On Hormones (Amy Cuddy Was Wrong)<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; visibility: hidden;\" title=\"&#8220;Power Posing Has No Effect On Hormones (Amy Cuddy Was Wrong)&#8221; &#8212; Body Language Project.com\" src=\"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/articles\/power-posing-no-effect-hormones-amy-cuddy-wrong\/embed\/#?secret=WWr0GzCPBh#?secret=tM17F4qYF4\" data-secret=\"tM17F4qYF4\" width=\"593\" height=\"334\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>Tracy, J. L., &#038; Matsumoto, D. (2008). The spontaneous expression of pride and shame: Evidence for biologically innate nonverbal displays. Proceedings from the National Academy of Sciences, 105(33), 11655\u201311660.<\/p>\n<p>Tracy, J. L., &#038; Robins, R. W. (2007). The prototypical pride expression: Development of a nonverbal behavior coding system. Emotion, 7(4), 789\u2013801.<\/p>\n<p>Tracy, J. L., &#038; Robins, R. W. (2004). Show your pride: Evidence for a discrete emotion expression. Psychological Science, 15, 194\u2013197.<\/p>\n<p>Tiedens, Larissa Z. and Alison R. Fragale. Power Moves: Complementarity in Dominant and Submissive Nonverbal Behavior. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology.<br \/>\n2003, 84(3): 558\u2013568.<\/p>\n<p>Locke, Connson C. and Cameron Anderson. The Downside of Looking Like a Leader: Leader\u2019s Powerful Demeanor Stifles Follower Voice in Participative Decision-Making.. Academy of Management Annual Meeting Proceedings. 2010. 8(1): 1-6.<\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"6EjnuJztXi\"><p><a href=\"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/articles\/power-body-language-goes-far\/\">When Power Body Language Goes Too Far<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; visibility: hidden;\" title=\"&#8220;When Power Body Language Goes Too Far&#8221; &#8212; Body Language Project.com\" src=\"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/articles\/power-body-language-goes-far\/embed\/#?secret=xHdWICwYnA#?secret=6EjnuJztXi\" data-secret=\"6EjnuJztXi\" width=\"593\" height=\"334\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>Yap, Andy J.; Abbie S. Wazlawek, Brian J. Lucas, Amy J. C. Cuddy, Dana R. Carney. The Ergonomics of Dishonesty: The Effect of Incidental Posture on Stealing, Cheating, and Traffic Violations, 24(11); 2281-2289.<\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"y5uj9gK47V\"><p><a href=\"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/articles\/body-posture-physical-environment-determine-feelings-and-behaviour-study\/\">Body Posture, Physical Environment, Determine Feelings And Behaviour, Study.<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; visibility: hidden;\" title=\"&#8220;Body Posture, Physical Environment, Determine Feelings And Behaviour, Study.&#8221; &#8212; Body Language Project.com\" src=\"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/articles\/body-posture-physical-environment-determine-feelings-and-behaviour-study\/embed\/#?secret=0GDCMkUyFb#?secret=y5uj9gK47V\" data-secret=\"y5uj9gK47V\" width=\"593\" height=\"334\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>Walsh, Joseph ; Eccleston, Christopher ; Keogh, Edmund.  Pain communication through body posture: The development and validation of a stimulus set. Pain. 2014 155(11): 2282-2290.<\/p>\n<p>Welker, K. M., Oberleitner, D. E., Cain, S., &#038; Carr\u00e9, J. M. (2013). Upright and left out: Posture moderates the effects of social exclusion on mood and threats to basic needs. European Journal of Social Psychology, 43, 355\u2013361.<\/p>\n<p>Yap, Andy J. Abbie S. Wazlawek, Brian J. Lucas, Amy J. C. Cuddy, Dana R. Carney. The Ergonomics of Dishonesty: The Effect of Incidental Posture on Stealing, Cheating, and Traffic Violations, 24(11); 2281-2289.<\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"y5uj9gK47V\"><p><a href=\"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/articles\/body-posture-physical-environment-determine-feelings-and-behaviour-study\/\">Body Posture, Physical Environment, Determine Feelings And Behaviour, Study.<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; visibility: hidden;\" title=\"&#8220;Body Posture, Physical Environment, Determine Feelings And Behaviour, Study.&#8221; &#8212; Body Language Project.com\" src=\"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/articles\/body-posture-physical-environment-determine-feelings-and-behaviour-study\/embed\/#?secret=0GDCMkUyFb#?secret=y5uj9gK47V\" data-secret=\"y5uj9gK47V\" width=\"593\" height=\"334\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Body Language of Splayed Feet or Feet Pointed Outward Cue: Splayed Feet or Feet Pointed Outward. Synonym(s): Feet Pointed Outward, Duck Feet. Description: While standing, the toes are pointed or splayed outward away from each other. In One Sentence: Splayed&hellip;<\/p>\n<p class=\"more-link-p\"><a class=\"more-link\" href=\"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/nonverbal-dictionary\/body-language-of-splayed-feet-or-feet-pointed-outward\/\">Read more &rarr;<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[117,129,116,67,65,70],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-939","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-aggressive-body-language","category-amplifier","category-arrogance-or-arrogant-body-language","category-authoritative-body-language","category-dominant-body-language","category-expansive-movements"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/nonverbal-dictionary\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/939","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/nonverbal-dictionary\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/nonverbal-dictionary\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/nonverbal-dictionary\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/nonverbal-dictionary\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=939"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/nonverbal-dictionary\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/939\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2627,"href":"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/nonverbal-dictionary\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/939\/revisions\/2627"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/nonverbal-dictionary\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=939"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/nonverbal-dictionary\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=939"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/nonverbal-dictionary\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=939"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}