{"id":930,"date":"2014-10-28T15:47:17","date_gmt":"2014-10-28T15:47:17","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/nonverbal-dictionary\/?p=930"},"modified":"2015-06-06T11:59:46","modified_gmt":"2015-06-06T11:59:46","slug":"body-language-of-smiling","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/nonverbal-dictionary\/body-language-of-smiling\/","title":{"rendered":"Body Language of Smiling"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Body Language of Smiling<\/p>\n<p><strong><a href=\"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/nonverbal-dictionary\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/10\/BodyLanguageProjectCom-Polite-Smile-the-1.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright size-full wp-image-2019\" alt=\"BodyLanguageProjectCom - Polite Smile (the) 1\" src=\"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/nonverbal-dictionary\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/10\/BodyLanguageProjectCom-Polite-Smile-the-1.jpg\" width=\"500\" height=\"750\" srcset=\"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/nonverbal-dictionary\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/10\/BodyLanguageProjectCom-Polite-Smile-the-1.jpg 500w, http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/nonverbal-dictionary\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/10\/BodyLanguageProjectCom-Polite-Smile-the-1-200x300.jpg 200w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/><\/a> <a href=\"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/nonverbal-dictionary\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/10\/BodyLanguageProjectCom-Honest-Smile-or-Duchenne-Smile-1.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright size-full wp-image-1781\" alt=\"BodyLanguageProjectCom - Honest Smile or Duchenne Smile 1\" src=\"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/nonverbal-dictionary\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/10\/BodyLanguageProjectCom-Honest-Smile-or-Duchenne-Smile-1.jpg\" width=\"500\" height=\"738\" srcset=\"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/nonverbal-dictionary\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/10\/BodyLanguageProjectCom-Honest-Smile-or-Duchenne-Smile-1.jpg 500w, http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/nonverbal-dictionary\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/10\/BodyLanguageProjectCom-Honest-Smile-or-Duchenne-Smile-1-203x300.jpg 203w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/><\/a> <a href=\"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/nonverbal-dictionary\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/10\/BodyLanguageProjectCom-Friendly-Smile-1.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright size-full wp-image-1567\" alt=\"BodyLanguageProjectCom - Friendly Smile 1\" src=\"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/nonverbal-dictionary\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/10\/BodyLanguageProjectCom-Friendly-Smile-1.jpg\" width=\"500\" height=\"750\" srcset=\"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/nonverbal-dictionary\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/10\/BodyLanguageProjectCom-Friendly-Smile-1.jpg 500w, http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/nonverbal-dictionary\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/10\/BodyLanguageProjectCom-Friendly-Smile-1-200x300.jpg 200w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/><\/a> Cue<\/strong>: Smiling.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Synonym(s)<\/strong>: N\/A<\/p>\n<p><strong>Description<\/strong>: The lips are stretched toward the ears and curled upwards in a u-shape.<\/p>\n<p><strong>In One Sentence<\/strong>: Smiling is a sign of submission and happiness.<\/p>\n<p><strong>How To Use it<\/strong>: Various smiles create various impressions in others. A smile should suit the context as well as your desired end goal. See Variant for the types of smiles and their associated use. However, understand that generally speaking, the smile is a universally signal of submission and appeasement.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Context<\/strong>: a) General b) Dating.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Verbal Translation<\/strong>: \u201cI\u2019m stretching my lips out and upward in a u-shape because I\u2019m happy, fearful, or stressed.\u201d<\/p>\n<p><strong>Variant<\/strong>: See <a href=\"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/nonverbal-dictionary\/body-language-of-smiling\/\" target=\"_blank\">Smiling<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/nonverbal-dictionary\/body-language-of-fear-smile-or-stress-smile\/\" target=\"_blank\">Fear Smile<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/nonverbal-dictionary\/body-language-of-friendly-smile\/\" target=\"_blank\">Friendly Smile<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/nonverbal-dictionary\/body-language-of-the-frown-or-downturned-smile\/\" target=\"_blank\">Frown (the) or Downturned Smile<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/nonverbal-dictionary\/body-language-of-honest-smile-or-duchenne-smile\/\" target=\"_blank\">Honest Smile or Duchenne Smile<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/nonverbal-dictionary\/body-language-of-jaw-drop-smile\/\" target=\"_blank\">Jaw Drop Smile<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/nonverbal-dictionary\/body-language-of-the-nervous-smile\/\" target=\"_blank\">Nervous Smile<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/nonverbal-dictionary\/body-language-of-polite-smile-the\/\" target=\"_blank\">Polite Smile (the)<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/nonverbal-dictionary\/body-language-of-the-uneven-smile-or-lopsided-smile\/\" target=\"_blank\">Uneven Smile Or Lopsided Smile<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/nonverbal-dictionary\/body-language-of-upper-lip-smile\/\" target=\"_blank\">Upper Lip Smile<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/nonverbal-dictionary\/body-language-of-the-artificial-smile-or-fake-smile\/\" target=\"_blank\">Artificial Smile or Fake Smile<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/nonverbal-dictionary\/body-language-of-the-nervous-smile\/\" target=\"_blank\">Nervous Smile<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/nonverbal-dictionary\/body-language-of-honest-smile-or-duchenne-smile\/\" target=\"_blank\">Honest Smile or Duchenne Smile<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/nonverbal-dictionary\/body-language-of-the-contempt-facial-expression-and-contempt-smile\/\" target=\"_blank\">Contempt Facial Expression<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Cue In Action<\/strong>: a) Two strangers passed on the street, smile at each other to show that they acknowledge each other, and continued on their way. b) She had a big grin on her face each time she saw her new boyfriend. He made her feel special.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Meaning and\/or Motivation<\/strong>: Many biologists think smiles have roots as a fearful gesture, as a sort of \u201cfear grin.\u201d Today though, human smiles are a universally submissive gesture but they can also symbolize pleasure, amusement, aggression, or anxiety (grimace). These other emotions never truly supersede the most common purpose of the smile, which is to show submission.<\/p>\n<p>Smiles are controlled by two sets of muscles: the zygomatic major muscles, that run down the side of the face to connect to the corners of the mouth and the orbicularis oculi muscles that pull the eyes back.<\/p>\n<p>Smiles are our way we to show that we are non-threatening and wish to maintain peace. Those that lack smiles altogether or who smile infrequently are much more dominant and want to be seen as such. Today smiles usually indicate happiness, but they can also be present during fear and stress.<\/p>\n<p>Smiling frequently can sometimes be sexual, but accompanying signals, coupled with the proper context, must be assessed to create certainty. Women will smile for a great variety of reasons and will smile regularly to appease men for no other reason besides habit. Smiling is a natural part of being a woman and while smiling alone is submissive, it doesn\u2019t necessarily indicate sexual interest. Accompanying signals must adjoin smiling for it to be a true sexual signal. However, smiles due tend to appear most from happiness, and as a result of genuine feelings of optimism. They also indicate confidence and hopefulness. Smiling has also even been shown to be infectious.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Cue Cluster<\/strong>: a) Smiling can be a stand-alone signal of appeasement or submission i.e. that a person is no threat which requires no additional cues. b) If smiling is done over a shoulder, with pouting lips and partly closed eyes, as in the sideways glance, it should be taken as a sexual cue, but absent, should be construed only as a regular appeasement gesture and nothing more.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Body Language Category<\/strong>: Amplifier, Appease, Courtship displays, Fearful body language, Indicators of sexual interest (IOsI), Nonthreatening body language, Readiness to submit postures, Stressful body language, Submissive body language.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Resources:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Aggarwal, P., &#038; Mcgill, A. (2007). Is that car smiling at me? Schema congruity as a basis for evaluating anthropomorphized products. Journal of Consumer Research, 34, 468\u2013479.<\/p>\n<p>Abel, Ernest L. and Michael L. Kruger. Smile Intensity in Photographs Predicts Longevity. Psychological Science. 2010. 21(4): 542-544.<br \/>\nSeder, J. Patrick and Shigehiro Oishi. Intensity of Smiling in Facebook Photos Predicts Future Life Satisfaction. Social Psychological and Personality Science. 2012. 3(4): 407-413.<\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"EFKVdXV1kC\"><p><a href=\"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/articles\/facebook-smile-predicts-life-satisfaction\/\">Your Facebook Smile Predicts Life Satisfaction<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; visibility: hidden;\" title=\"&#8220;Your Facebook Smile Predicts Life Satisfaction&#8221; &#8212; Body Language Project.com\" src=\"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/articles\/facebook-smile-predicts-life-satisfaction\/embed\/#?secret=0TR9NUFDLI#?secret=EFKVdXV1kC\" data-secret=\"EFKVdXV1kC\" width=\"593\" height=\"334\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>Colonnesi, Cristina; Susan M. Bogels; Wieke de Vente and Mirjana Majdandzic. What Coy Smiles Say About Positive Shyness in Early Infancy. Infancy. 2013. 18(2): 202\u2013220. ISSN: 1525-0008 print \/ 1532-7078 online<br \/>\nDOI: 10.1111\/j.1532-7078.2012.00117.x<\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"O2DidrlnXC\"><p><a href=\"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/articles\/nonverbal-meaning-coy-smiles-infants\/\">The Nonverbal Meaning Of Coy Smiles In Infants<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; visibility: hidden;\" title=\"&#8220;The Nonverbal Meaning Of Coy Smiles In Infants&#8221; &#8212; Body Language Project.com\" src=\"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/articles\/nonverbal-meaning-coy-smiles-infants\/embed\/#?secret=QM7eb47Whr#?secret=O2DidrlnXC\" data-secret=\"O2DidrlnXC\" width=\"593\" height=\"334\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>Cashdan, Elizabeth.  Smiles, Speech, and Body Posture: How Women and Men Display Sociometric Status and Power. Journal of Nonverbal Behavior. 1998. 22(4): 209-228.<\/p>\n<p>Centorrino, Samuele ; Djemai, Elodie ; Hopfensitz, Astrid ; Milinski, Manfred ; Seabright, Paul. Honest smiles as a costly signal in social exchange. Behavioral and Brain Sciences. 2010. 33(6): 439-439.<\/p>\n<p>Ekman, P., Davidson, R., &#038; Friesen, W. V. (1990). The Duchenne smile: Emotional expression and brain physiology II. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 58, 342\u2013353.<\/p>\n<p>Ekman, P., &#038; Friesen, W. V. (1982). Felt, false and miserable smiles. Journal of Nonverbal Behavior, 6, 238\u2013252.<\/p>\n<p>Ekman, P., Friesen, W. V., &#038; O\u2019Sullivan, M. (1988). Smiles when lying. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 54, 414\u2013420.<\/p>\n<p>Ekman, P., Roper, G., &#038; Hager, J. C. (1980). Deliberate facial movement. Child Development, 51, 886\u2013891.<\/p>\n<p>Frank, M. G., &#038; Ekman, P. (1993). Not all smiles are created equal: The differences between enjoyment and nonenjoyment smiles. Humor: International Journal of Humor Research, 6, 9\u201326.<\/p>\n<p>Frank, M. G., Ekman, P., &#038; Friesen, W. V. (1993). Behavioral markers and recognizability of the smile of enjoyment. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 64, 83\u201393.<\/p>\n<p>Fairbairn, Catharine E.; Michael A. Sayette; Odd O. Aalen and Arnoldo Frigessi. Alcohol and Emotional Contagion: An Examination of the Spreading of Smiles in Male and Female Drinking Groups. Clinical Psychological Science. 2014. DOI: 2167702614548892<\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"hKvOV6wUVj\"><p><a href=\"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/articles\/alcohol-social-lubricant-male-smiles\/\">Alcohol Is the Social Lubricant For Male Smiles<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; visibility: hidden;\" title=\"&#8220;Alcohol Is the Social Lubricant For Male Smiles&#8221; &#8212; Body Language Project.com\" src=\"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/articles\/alcohol-social-lubricant-male-smiles\/embed\/#?secret=2fWCUY5Dmr#?secret=hKvOV6wUVj\" data-secret=\"hKvOV6wUVj\" width=\"593\" height=\"334\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>Gehricke, Jean-Guido ; Fridlund, Alan J.  Smiling, frowning, and autonomic activity in mildly depressed and nondepressed men in response to emotional imagery of social contexts. Perceptual and motor skills. 2002. 94(1): 141-51.<\/p>\n<p>Gosselin, Pierre; Reem Maassarani; Alastair Younger and M\u00e9lanie Perron. Children\u2019s Deliberate Control of Facial Action Units Involved in Sad and Happy Expressions. Journal of Nonverbal Behaviour. 2011. 35:225\u2013242. DOI 10.1007\/s10919-011-0110-9.<\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"jQjoyxYx4p\"><p><a href=\"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/articles\/childrens-control-facial-actions-improve-age-create-accurate-emotional-expressions\/\">Children\u2019s Control of Facial Actions Improve With Age To Create Accurate Emotional Expressions<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; visibility: hidden;\" title=\"&#8220;Children\u2019s Control of Facial Actions Improve With Age To Create Accurate Emotional Expressions&#8221; &#8212; Body Language Project.com\" src=\"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/articles\/childrens-control-facial-actions-improve-age-create-accurate-emotional-expressions\/embed\/#?secret=4zCZ3QLTRA#?secret=jQjoyxYx4p\" data-secret=\"jQjoyxYx4p\" width=\"593\" height=\"334\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>Gunnery, Sarah D.; Judith A. Hall and Mollie A. Ruben. The Deliberate Duchenne Smile: Individual Differences in Expressive Control. Journal of Nonverbal Behavior. 2013. 37:29\u201341. DOI 10.1007\/s10919-012-0139-4<\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"H0tuV3HWpt\"><p><a href=\"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/articles\/can-probably-fake-honest-smile-deliberate-duchenne-smile\/\">You Can Probably Fake An Honest Smile &#8211; The Deliberate Duchenne Smile<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; visibility: hidden;\" title=\"&#8220;You Can Probably Fake An Honest Smile &#8211; The Deliberate Duchenne Smile&#8221; &#8212; Body Language Project.com\" src=\"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/articles\/can-probably-fake-honest-smile-deliberate-duchenne-smile\/embed\/#?secret=mXSALwfe0X#?secret=H0tuV3HWpt\" data-secret=\"H0tuV3HWpt\" width=\"593\" height=\"334\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>Golle, Jessika; Fred W.; Mast and Janek S. Lobmaier. Something to Smile About: The Interrelationship Between Attractiveness and Emotional Expression. Cognition and Emotion, 2014. 28:2: 298-310. DOI: 10.1080\/02699931.2013.817383.<\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"4vy7ajNcP0\"><p><a href=\"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/articles\/smiles-arent-just-cameras\/\">Smiles Aren\u2019t Just For The Cameras<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; visibility: hidden;\" title=\"&#8220;Smiles Aren\u2019t Just For The Cameras&#8221; &#8212; Body Language Project.com\" src=\"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/articles\/smiles-arent-just-cameras\/embed\/#?secret=y3EysU7Nfs#?secret=4vy7ajNcP0\" data-secret=\"4vy7ajNcP0\" width=\"593\" height=\"334\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>Gu\u00e9guen, Nicolas. The Effect Of A Woman\u2019s Smile On Men\u2019s Courtship Behavior. Social Behavior and Personality. 2008. 36(9): 1233-1236.<\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"2n9PxfDphZ\"><p><a href=\"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/articles\/how-women-can-use-a-simple-smile-to-attract-men\/\">How Women Can Use A Simple Smile To Attract Men<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; visibility: hidden;\" title=\"&#8220;How Women Can Use A Simple Smile To Attract Men&#8221; &#8212; Body Language Project.com\" src=\"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/articles\/how-women-can-use-a-simple-smile-to-attract-men\/embed\/#?secret=mi8PsSXvG5#?secret=2n9PxfDphZ\" data-secret=\"2n9PxfDphZ\" width=\"593\" height=\"334\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>Gu\u00e9guen, Nicolas, &#038; Fischer-Lokou, J. (2004). Hitchhiker\u2019s Smiles And Receipt Of Help. Psychological Reports. 94: 756-760.<br \/>\nHertenstein, Matthew J.; Carrie A. Hansel; Alissa M. Butts and Sarah N. Hile. Smile Intensity In Photographs Predicts Divorce Later In Life. Motiv Emot. 2009; 33:99-105<br \/>\nDOI 10.1007\/s11031-009-9124-6<\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"GBrCOQCT9y\"><p><a href=\"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/articles\/small-smiles-predicts-divorce\/\">Small Smiles Predicts Divorce<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; visibility: hidden;\" title=\"&#8220;Small Smiles Predicts Divorce&#8221; &#8212; Body Language Project.com\" src=\"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/articles\/small-smiles-predicts-divorce\/embed\/#?secret=zUKeJnQQWr#?secret=GBrCOQCT9y\" data-secret=\"GBrCOQCT9y\" width=\"593\" height=\"334\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>Gu\u00e9guen, Nicolas. Weather and Smiling Contagion: A Quasi Experiment With the Smiling Sunshine. Journal of Nonverbal Behavior. 2013. 37:51\u201355. DOI 10.1007\/s10919-012-0140-y<\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"RJGmcOCALh\"><p><a href=\"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/articles\/weather-smile-not-contagion-smile-linked-weather-conditions\/\">\u2018Weather\u2019 To Smile Or Not \u2013 Contagion Of A Smile Linked To Weather Conditions<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; visibility: hidden;\" title=\"&#8220;\u2018Weather\u2019 To Smile Or Not \u2013 Contagion Of A Smile Linked To Weather Conditions&#8221; &#8212; Body Language Project.com\" src=\"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/articles\/weather-smile-not-contagion-smile-linked-weather-conditions\/embed\/#?secret=KeVHU2AdS4#?secret=RJGmcOCALh\" data-secret=\"RJGmcOCALh\" width=\"593\" height=\"334\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>Gu\u00e9guen, N., &#038; Fischer-Lokou, J. (2004). Hitchhiker\u2019s Smiles And Receipt Of Help. Psychological Reports. 94: 756-760.<\/p>\n<p>Grandey, Alicia A. ; Fisk, Glenda M. ; Mattila, Anna S. ; Jansen, Karen J. ; Sideman, Lori A. Is \u201cservice with a smile\u201d enough? Authenticity of positive displays during service encounters. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes. 2005. 96(1): 38-55.<\/p>\n<p>Harker, L. A., &#038; Keltner, D. (2001). Expressions of positive emotion in women\u2019s college yearbook pictures and their relationship to personality and life outcomes across adulthood. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 80, 112\u2013124.<\/p>\n<p>Hall, Jeffrey A. and Chong Xing. The Verbal and Nonverbal Correlates of the Five Flirting Styles. Journal of Nonverbal Behavior. 2015. 39:41\u201368. DOI 10.1007\/s10919-014-0199-8<\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"TKZixzzojT\"><p><a href=\"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/articles\/first-12-minutes-flirting-using-nonverbal-communication-study-reveals-26-body-language-cues-attraction\/\">The First 12 Minutes Of Flirting Using Nonverbal Communication \u2013 Study Reveals 26 Body Language Cues Of Attraction<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; visibility: hidden;\" title=\"&#8220;The First 12 Minutes Of Flirting Using Nonverbal Communication \u2013 Study Reveals 26 Body Language Cues Of Attraction&#8221; &#8212; Body Language Project.com\" src=\"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/articles\/first-12-minutes-flirting-using-nonverbal-communication-study-reveals-26-body-language-cues-attraction\/embed\/#?secret=a8QZlROolx#?secret=TKZixzzojT\" data-secret=\"TKZixzzojT\" width=\"593\" height=\"334\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>Harker, L., &#038; Keltner, D. (2001). Expressions Of Positive Emotion In Women\u2019s College Yearbook Pictures And Their Relationship To Personality And Life Outcomes Across Adulthood. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 80(1), 112\u2013124. doi: 10.1037\/0022-3514.80.1.112.<\/p>\n<p>Ichikawa, Hiroko ; Makino, Junshiro.  Function of congruent facial responses to smiling and frowning. Perceptual and motor skills. 2007. 105(3 Pt 1): 838-51.<\/p>\n<p>Johnson, Kareemj. ; Waugh, Christiane. ; Fredrickson, Barbaral. Smile to see the forest: Facially expressed positive emotions broaden cognition. Cognition &#038; Emotion. 2010. 24(2): 299-321.<\/p>\n<p>Johnston, L., Miles, L., &#038; Macrae, C. N. (2010). Why are you smiling at me? Social functions of enjoyment and non-enjoyment smiles. British Journal of Social Psychology, 49, 107\u2013127.<\/p>\n<p>Krumhuber, Eva ; Likowski, Katja ; Weyers, Peter. Facial Mimicry of Spontaneous and Deliberate Duchenne and Non-Duchenne Smiles. Journal of Nonverbal Behavior. 2014. 38(1): 1-11.<\/p>\n<p>Krumhuber, E., Manstead, A., &#038; Kappas, A. Temporal Aspects of Facial Displays in Person and Expression Perception: The Effects of Smile Dynamics, Head-tilt, and Gender. Journal of Nonverbal Behavior. 2007. 31(1), 39-56.<\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"Va8OoF17wX\"><p><a href=\"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/articles\/slow-onset-smile-best\/\">Slow Onset Smile Are Best<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; visibility: hidden;\" title=\"&#8220;Slow Onset Smile Are Best&#8221; &#8212; Body Language Project.com\" src=\"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/articles\/slow-onset-smile-best\/embed\/#?secret=oIrBckePD7#?secret=Va8OoF17wX\" data-secret=\"Va8OoF17wX\" width=\"593\" height=\"334\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p><strong>Krause, Michael W. and Teh-Way David Chen. A Winning Smile? Smile Intensity, Physical Dominance, and Fighter Performance. Emotion. 2013. 13 (2): 270\u2013279. DOI: 10.1037\/a0030745<br \/>\nhttp:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/articles\/smile-lose-smile-intensity-predicts-fighting-ability<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Krumhuber, Eva G.; Manstead and Antony S. R. Can Duchenne smiles be feigned? New evidence on felt and false smiles. Emotion. 2009. 9 (6): 807-820.<\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"F6zeR0tOMS\"><p><a href=\"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/articles\/can-fake-real-smile-practice\/\">You Can Fake A Real Smile With Practice<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; visibility: hidden;\" title=\"&#8220;You Can Fake A Real Smile With Practice&#8221; &#8212; Body Language Project.com\" src=\"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/articles\/can-fake-real-smile-practice\/embed\/#?secret=p56QAVPiGh#?secret=F6zeR0tOMS\" data-secret=\"F6zeR0tOMS\" width=\"593\" height=\"334\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>Krumhuber, Eva; Antony S. R.; Manstead; and Arvid Kappas. Temporal Aspects of Facial Displays in Person and Expression Perception: The Effects of Smile Dynamics, Head-tilt, and Gender. Journal Nonverbal Behavior. 2007; 31: 39-56.<br \/>\nDOI 10.1007\/s10919-006-0019-x<\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"v27ktkY4lE\"><p><a href=\"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/articles\/head-tilt-and-slow-onset-smile-nonverbals-trust-attraction-dominance-and-flirting-a-brief-report\/\">Head Tilt And Slow Onset Smile Nonverbals \u2013 Trust, Attraction, Dominance, and Flirting A Brief Report<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; visibility: hidden;\" title=\"&#8220;Head Tilt And Slow Onset Smile Nonverbals \u2013 Trust, Attraction, Dominance, and Flirting A Brief Report&#8221; &#8212; Body Language Project.com\" src=\"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/articles\/head-tilt-and-slow-onset-smile-nonverbals-trust-attraction-dominance-and-flirting-a-brief-report\/embed\/#?secret=EKFvKuar6O#?secret=v27ktkY4lE\" data-secret=\"v27ktkY4lE\" width=\"593\" height=\"334\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>LaFrance, M. (2002) \u2018Smile Boycotts and other Body Politics\u2019, Feminism &#038; Psychology. 12: 319\u201323.<\/p>\n<p>Labroo, Aparna A.; Anirban Mukhopadhyay; Ping Dong. Not Always the Best Medicine: Why Frequent Smiling Can Reduce Wellbeing. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology. 2014. 53:156-162.<\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"ueiIAqLZ8Y\"><p><a href=\"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/articles\/why-too-much-smiling-can-be-bad-for-you\/\">Why Too Much Smiling Can Be Bad For You<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; visibility: hidden;\" title=\"&#8220;Why Too Much Smiling Can Be Bad For You&#8221; &#8212; Body Language Project.com\" src=\"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/articles\/why-too-much-smiling-can-be-bad-for-you\/embed\/#?secret=iCsbwiUTT2#?secret=ueiIAqLZ8Y\" data-secret=\"ueiIAqLZ8Y\" width=\"593\" height=\"334\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>Lockard, J. S., McVittie, R. I., &#038; Isaac, L. M. (1977). Functional Significance Of The Affiliative Smile. Bulletin of the Psychonomic Society, 9, 367-370.<\/p>\n<p>Lobmaier, Janek S ; Fischer, Martin H. Motivational aspects of recognizing a smile. Behavioral and Brain Sciences. 2010. 33(6): 452-453.<\/p>\n<p>Liu, Chao ; Ge, Yue ; Luo, Wen-bo ; Luo, Yue-jia. Show your teeth or not: The role of the mouth and eyes in smiles and its cross-cultural variations. Behavioral and Brain Sciences. 2010. 33(6): 450-452.<\/p>\n<p>Moore, Monica. Courtship Signaling and Adolescents: Girls Just Wanna Have Fun. Journal of Sex Research. 1995. 32(4): 319-328.<\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"6FDP7tVs8S\"><p><a href=\"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/articles\/girls-just-want-to-have-fun-the-origins-of-courtship-cues-in-girls-and-women\/\">Girls Just Want To Have Fun \u2013 The Origins Of Courtship Cues In Girls And Women<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; visibility: hidden;\" title=\"&#8220;Girls Just Want To Have Fun \u2013 The Origins Of Courtship Cues In Girls And Women&#8221; &#8212; Body Language Project.com\" src=\"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/articles\/girls-just-want-to-have-fun-the-origins-of-courtship-cues-in-girls-and-women\/embed\/#?secret=CMV1qhv48x#?secret=6FDP7tVs8S\" data-secret=\"6FDP7tVs8S\" width=\"593\" height=\"334\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>Mehu, Marc ; Grammer, Karl ; Dunbar, Robin I.M. Smiles when sharing. Evolution and Human Behavior. 2007. 28(6): 415-422.<\/p>\n<p>Mehu, M., Little, A. C., &#038; Dunbar, R. I. M. (2007). Duchenne smiles and the perception of generosity and sociability in faces. Journal of Evolutionary Psychology, 5, 133\u2013146.<\/p>\n<p>Neuhoff, Charles C ; Schaefer, Charles.  Effects of laughing, smiling, and howling on mood.  Psychological reports. 2002 91(3 Pt 2): 1079-80.<\/p>\n<p>Okubo, Matia; Akihiro, Kobayashi and Kenta Ishikawa. A Fake Smile Thwarts Cheater Detection. Journal of Nonverbal Behaviour. 2012. 36:217\u2013225. DOI 10.1007\/s10919-012-0134-9<\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"SmrSosquNe\"><p><a href=\"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/articles\/fake-till-make-cheaters-fake-smile-make-lies-difficult-detect\/\">Fake It \u2018Till You Make It \u2013 Cheaters Fake Smile Make Lies More Difficult to Detect<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; visibility: hidden;\" title=\"&#8220;Fake It \u2018Till You Make It \u2013 Cheaters Fake Smile Make Lies More Difficult to Detect&#8221; &#8212; Body Language Project.com\" src=\"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/articles\/fake-till-make-cheaters-fake-smile-make-lies-difficult-detect\/embed\/#?secret=JQrN5hfOTb#?secret=SmrSosquNe\" data-secret=\"SmrSosquNe\" width=\"593\" height=\"334\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>Otta, E., Lira, B. B. P., Delevati, N. M., Cesar, O. P., &#038; Pires, C. S. G. (1994). The effect of smiling and of head tilting on person perception. The Journal of Psychology, 128,<br \/>\n323\u2013331.<\/p>\n<p>Otta, E ; Folladore Abrosio, F ; Hoshino, R L. Reading a smiling face: messages conveyed by various forms of smiling. Perceptual and motor skills. 1996. 82(3 Pt 2): 1111-21.<\/p>\n<p>Petrican, Raluca; Christopher T. Burris and Morris Moscovitch. Shame, Sexual Compulsivity, and Eroticizing Flirtatious Others: An Experimental Study. Journal of Sex Research. 2015. 52(1), 98\u2013109, 2015. DOI: 10.1080\/00224499.2013.829796<\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"6aTjQ9yIyw\"><p><a href=\"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/articles\/coy-flirtatious-smile-eye-contact-leads-shame-sex\/\">A Coy Flirtatious Smile And Eye Contact Leads To Shame Sex<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; visibility: hidden;\" title=\"&#8220;A Coy Flirtatious Smile And Eye Contact Leads To Shame Sex&#8221; &#8212; Body Language Project.com\" src=\"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/articles\/coy-flirtatious-smile-eye-contact-leads-shame-sex\/embed\/#?secret=grONLd3MSS#?secret=6aTjQ9yIyw\" data-secret=\"6aTjQ9yIyw\" width=\"593\" height=\"334\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>Prkachin, Kenneth M. ; Silverman, Barbara E. Stone, Arthur A. (editor) Hostility and Facial Expression in Young Men and Women: Is Social Regulation More Important Than Negative Affect? Health Psychology. 2002. 21(1): 33-39. <\/p>\n<p>Quadflieg, Susanne ; Vermeulen, Nicolas ; Rossion, Bruno. Differential Reliance on the Duchenne Marker During Smile Evaluations and Person Judgments. Journal of Nonverbal Behavior. 2013. 37(2): 69-77.<\/p>\n<p>Reed, Lawrence Ian; Katharine N. Zeglen and Karen L. Schmidt. Facial Expressions as Honest Signals of Cooperative Intent in a One-Shot Anonymous Prisoner\u2019s Dilemma Game. Evolution and Human Behavior. 2012. 33: 200-209.<\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"4T1qTQXBtE\"><p><a href=\"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/articles\/facial-expressions-honest-signals-smiling-contempt-predict-cooperation-defection\/\">Facial Expressions As Honest Signals \u2013 How Smiling and Contempt Predict Cooperation and Defection<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; visibility: hidden;\" title=\"&#8220;Facial Expressions As Honest Signals \u2013 How Smiling and Contempt Predict Cooperation and Defection&#8221; &#8212; Body Language Project.com\" src=\"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/articles\/facial-expressions-honest-signals-smiling-contempt-predict-cooperation-defection\/embed\/#?secret=VNX2OFEdTr#?secret=4T1qTQXBtE\" data-secret=\"4T1qTQXBtE\" width=\"593\" height=\"334\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>Reissland, Nadja; Brian Francis, James Mason, Karen Lincoln. Do Facial Expressions Develop before Birth? August 2011. 6(8): e24081. doi:10.1371\/journal.pone.0024081.g001<\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"tQXYxKJCt6\"><p><a href=\"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/articles\/the-cry-and-laugh-face-in-the-human-fetus\/\">The Cry and Laugh Face In The Human Fetus<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; visibility: hidden;\" title=\"&#8220;The Cry and Laugh Face In The Human Fetus&#8221; &#8212; Body Language Project.com\" src=\"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/articles\/the-cry-and-laugh-face-in-the-human-fetus\/embed\/#?secret=WDIbSsYoVD#?secret=tQXYxKJCt6\" data-secret=\"tQXYxKJCt6\" width=\"593\" height=\"334\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>Samuele Centorrino, Elodie Djemai, Astrid Hopfensitz, Manfred Milinski, Paul Seabright. Honest Signaling in Trust Interactions: Smiles Rated as Genuine Induce Trust and Signal Higher Earning Opportunities. Evolution and Human Behavior DOI:<br \/>\ndx.doi.org\/10.1016\/j.evolhumbehav.2014.08.001.<\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"adY0RMFbX3\"><p><a href=\"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/articles\/smile-great-gain-smiling-key-negotiation\/\">Smile For Great Gain \u2013 How Smiling Is Key In Negotiation<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; visibility: hidden;\" title=\"&#8220;Smile For Great Gain \u2013 How Smiling Is Key In Negotiation&#8221; &#8212; Body Language Project.com\" src=\"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/articles\/smile-great-gain-smiling-key-negotiation\/embed\/#?secret=GxA6Yw3c4K#?secret=adY0RMFbX3\" data-secret=\"adY0RMFbX3\" width=\"593\" height=\"334\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>Sturman, Edward D. Invluntary Subordination and Its Relation to Personality, Mood,<br \/>\nand Submissive Behavior. Psychological Assessment. 2011. 23(1): 262-276 DOI: 10.1037\/a0021499<\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"Kfg0VDs0jp\"><p><a href=\"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/articles\/nonverbal-submission-men-women-depression-critical-examination-use-disuse-submission\/\">Nonverbal Submission In Men And Women In Depression &#8211; A Critical Examination Of The Use And Disuse Of Submission<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; visibility: hidden;\" title=\"&#8220;Nonverbal Submission In Men And Women In Depression &#8211; A Critical Examination Of The Use And Disuse Of Submission&#8221; &#8212; Body Language Project.com\" src=\"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/articles\/nonverbal-submission-men-women-depression-critical-examination-use-disuse-submission\/embed\/#?secret=S5SfaqTkRK#?secret=Kfg0VDs0jp\" data-secret=\"Kfg0VDs0jp\" width=\"593\" height=\"334\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>Schmidt, K. L., Bhattacharya, S., &#038; Denlinger, R. (2009). Comparison of deliberate and spontaneous facial movement in smiles and eyebrow raises. Journal of Nonverbal Behavior, 33, 35\u201345.<\/p>\n<p>Surakka, V., &#038; Hietanen, J. K. (1998). Facial and emotional reactions to Duchenne and non-Duchenne smiles. International Journal of Psychophysiology, 29, 23\u201333.<\/p>\n<p>Simpson, Elizabeth ; Fragaszy, Dorothy. Can we really leave gender out of it? Individual differences and the Simulation of Smiles model. Behavioral and Brain Sciences. 2010. 33(6): 459-460.<\/p>\n<p>Sauter, Disa A ; Levinson, Stephen C. What&#8217;s embodied in a smile? Behavioral and Brain Sciences. 2010. 33(6): 457-458.<\/p>\n<p>Thibault, Pascal ; Gosselin, Pierre ; Brunel, Marie &#8211; Lise ; Hess, Ursula. Children&#8217;s and Adolescents&#8217; Perception of the Authenticity of Smiles. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology. 2009. 102(3): 360-367.<\/p>\n<p>Teixeira Fiquer, Juliana; Paulo S\u00e9rgio Boggio and Clarice Gorenstein. Talking Bodies: Nonverbal Behavior in the Assessment of Depression Severity. Journal of Affective Disorders. 2013. 150: 1114-1119.<\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"8xMPCicaLx\"><p><a href=\"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/articles\/using-nonverbal-behaviour-to-assess-depression-severity\/\">Using Nonverbal Behaviour To Assess Depression Severity<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; visibility: hidden;\" title=\"&#8220;Using Nonverbal Behaviour To Assess Depression Severity&#8221; &#8212; Body Language Project.com\" src=\"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/articles\/using-nonverbal-behaviour-to-assess-depression-severity\/embed\/#?secret=2Mc5UQ6nFr#?secret=8xMPCicaLx\" data-secret=\"8xMPCicaLx\" width=\"593\" height=\"334\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>Tidd, K., &#038; Lockard, J. (1978). Monetary Significance Of The Affiliative Smile: A Case For Reciprocal Altruism. Bulletin of the Psychonomic Society, 11, 344-346.<\/p>\n<p>Vazire, S., Naumann, L.P., Rentfrow, P. J., and Gosling, S. D. (2009). Smiling reflects different emotions in men and women. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 32:5, 403\u2013405.<\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"At6v8UOx53\"><p><a href=\"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/articles\/smiling-reflects-different-emotions-men-women\/\">Smiling Reflects Different Emotions in Men and Women<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; visibility: hidden;\" title=\"&#8220;Smiling Reflects Different Emotions in Men and Women&#8221; &#8212; Body Language Project.com\" src=\"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/articles\/smiling-reflects-different-emotions-men-women\/embed\/#?secret=QnkZnZdJ6Q#?secret=At6v8UOx53\" data-secret=\"At6v8UOx53\" width=\"593\" height=\"334\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>Vigil, J. M. (2009). A socio-relational framework of sex differences in the expression of emotion. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 32, 375\u2013428.<\/p>\n<p>Walsh, D. G., &#038; Hewitt, J. (1985). Giving Men The Come-On: Effect Of Eye Contact And Smiling In A Bar Environment. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 61, 873-874.<\/p>\n<p>Woud, Marcella L. ; Becker, Eni S. ; Lange, Wolf &#8211; Gero ; Rinck, Mike. Effects of approach-avoidance training on implicit and explicit evaluations of neutral, angry, and smiling face stimuli.(Relationships &#038; Communications). Psychological Reports. 2013. 113(1): 1211(18).<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Body Language of Smiling Cue: Smiling. Synonym(s): N\/A Description: The lips are stretched toward the ears and curled upwards in a u-shape. In One Sentence: Smiling is a sign of submission and happiness. How To Use it: Various smiles create&hellip;<\/p>\n<p class=\"more-link-p\"><a class=\"more-link\" href=\"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/nonverbal-dictionary\/body-language-of-smiling\/\">Read more &rarr;<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[129,79,38,55,39,80,100,57,98],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-930","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-amplifier","category-appease","category-courtship-display","category-fearful-body-language","category-indicator-of-sexual-interest-iosi","category-nonthreatening-body-language","category-readiness-to-submit-postures","category-stressful-body-language","category-submissive-body-language"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/nonverbal-dictionary\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/930","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/nonverbal-dictionary\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/nonverbal-dictionary\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/nonverbal-dictionary\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/nonverbal-dictionary\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=930"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/nonverbal-dictionary\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/930\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2623,"href":"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/nonverbal-dictionary\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/930\/revisions\/2623"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/nonverbal-dictionary\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=930"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/nonverbal-dictionary\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=930"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/nonverbal-dictionary\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=930"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}