{"id":518,"date":"2014-10-21T17:18:55","date_gmt":"2014-10-21T17:18:55","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/nonverbal-dictionary\/?p=518"},"modified":"2015-06-04T19:30:04","modified_gmt":"2015-06-04T19:30:04","slug":"body-language-of-figure-four-seating-position-the-or-the-ankle-knee-cross","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/nonverbal-dictionary\/body-language-of-figure-four-seating-position-the-or-the-ankle-knee-cross\/","title":{"rendered":"Body Language of Figure Four Seating Position (The) or The Ankle-Knee Cross"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Body Language of Figure Four Seating Position (The) or The Ankle-Knee Cross<\/p>\n<p><strong><a href=\"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/nonverbal-dictionary\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/10\/BodyLanguageProjectCom-Figure-Four-Seating-Position-The-or-The-Ankle-Knee-Cross-1.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright size-full wp-image-1519\" alt=\"BodyLanguageProjectCom - Figure Four Seating Position (The) or The Ankle-Knee Cross 1\" src=\"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/nonverbal-dictionary\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/10\/BodyLanguageProjectCom-Figure-Four-Seating-Position-The-or-The-Ankle-Knee-Cross-1.jpg\" width=\"500\" height=\"333\" srcset=\"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/nonverbal-dictionary\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/10\/BodyLanguageProjectCom-Figure-Four-Seating-Position-The-or-The-Ankle-Knee-Cross-1.jpg 500w, http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/nonverbal-dictionary\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/10\/BodyLanguageProjectCom-Figure-Four-Seating-Position-The-or-The-Ankle-Knee-Cross-1-300x199.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/><\/a>Cue<\/strong>: Figure Four Seating Position (The) or The Ankle-Knee Cross<\/p>\n<p><strong>Synonym(s)<\/strong>: Ankle-Knee Cross (The)<\/p>\n<p><strong>Description<\/strong>: This body position occurs as one leg is bent, oriented horizontally and pulled over the opposite knee, to form the number four. The leg produces a figure four when viewed from above.<\/p>\n<p><strong>In One Sentence<\/strong>: The figure four leg cross is a dominant and authoritative posture meant to showcase the groin area.<\/p>\n<p><strong>How To Use it<\/strong>: Use the figure four leg cross to show that you are not afraid of being exposed to others but not crass enough for a full uncrossed leg posture. It is generally ill-advised for women to hold this posture as it is masculine in nature, however, in some circles, it can be seen as acceptable but only if pants are worn. It is most certainly is not advisable for women to hold the posture with skirts or dresses of any kind.<\/p>\n<p>The posture finds a welcome place in business and dating where men are working to assert their dominance over others. The figure four is even acceptable amongst friends and is a more tolerated dominance display than is legs uncrossed.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Context<\/strong>: General.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Verbal Translation<\/strong>: \u201cI\u2019m feeling good about myself. I\u2019m dominant, authoritative, and not afraid to put my genitals on display &#8211; but not totally be spreading my legs apart &#8211; I still need a bit of a shield.\u201d<\/p>\n<p><strong>Variant<\/strong>: See <a href=\"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/nonverbal-dictionary\/body-language-of-the-figure-four-leg-clamp-or-figure-four-leg-lock\/\" target=\"_blank\">Figure Four Leg Clamp or Figure Four Leg Lock<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Cue In Action<\/strong>: People knew the guy was arrogant and smug. He\u2019d sit there with his arms up against the back of his head \u2018hooding\u2019, with his legs cross ankle over knee leaning backward in his chair. Even when the boss was around, he wouldn\u2019t drop the posture.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Meaning and\/or Motivation<\/strong>: It is more or less an open posture and should be taken as a mild version of the crotch display since the legs are open. This posture is milder because it doesn\u2019t fully expose the crotch since one leg partially blocks the genitals from view.<\/p>\n<p>Women aren\u2019t normally seen in this posture, but since wearing pants have become more popular recently, it does tend to happen more often than it has in the recent past. When performed by women, it is as an attempt to be one of the boys. The figure four tells us that a person is relaxed and youthful, (mature gentlemen are seen with a full leg cross, or European Leg Cross where the legs end up parallel to one another) and dominant.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Cue Cluster<\/strong>: The figure four leg cross can be accompanied by the hooding posture or the leg clamp by placing the hand on the ankle or shin to show even more stubbornness.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Body Language Category<\/strong>: Arrogance or arrogant body language, Authoritative body language, Body cross, Blocking or Shielding, Confident body language, Dominant body language, Expansive movements, Open body language, Crotch display.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Resources:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Allen, Jill; Sarah J. Gervais and Jessi L. Smith. Sit Big to Eat Big: The Interaction of Body Posture and Body Concern on Restrained Eating. Psychology of Women Quarterly 2013. 37(3): 325-336. DOI: 10.1177\/0361684313476477pwq.sagepub.com<\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"zejt8Z1qEz\"><p><a href=\"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/articles\/sit-big-to-eat-big-how-constrictive-postures-reduce-food-consumption\/\">Sit Big To Eat Big \u2013 How Constrictive Postures Reduce Food Consumption<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; visibility: hidden;\" title=\"&#8220;Sit Big To Eat Big \u2013 How Constrictive Postures Reduce Food Consumption&#8221; &#8212; Body Language Project.com\" src=\"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/articles\/sit-big-to-eat-big-how-constrictive-postures-reduce-food-consumption\/embed\/#?secret=wZehVrqQG6#?secret=zejt8Z1qEz\" data-secret=\"zejt8Z1qEz\" width=\"593\" height=\"334\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>Arnette, S. L., &#038; Pettijohn, T. F., II. (2012). The effects of posture on self-perceived leadership. International Journal of Business and Social Science, 3, 8\u201313.<\/p>\n<p>Bohns, Vanessa K. and Scott S. Wiltermuth. It Hurts When I Do This (Or You Do That): Posture And Pain tolerance. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology. 2012. 48: 341-345.<\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"GbGKWrBrD4\"><p><a href=\"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/articles\/dominant-and-submissive-postures-affects-more-than-public-perception-it-also-affects-felt-pain-and-physical-strength\/\">Dominant And Submissive Postures Affects More Than Public Perception &#8211; It Also Affects Felt Pain And Physical Strength<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; visibility: hidden;\" title=\"&#8220;Dominant And Submissive Postures Affects More Than Public Perception &#8211; It Also Affects Felt Pain And Physical Strength&#8221; &#8212; Body Language Project.com\" src=\"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/articles\/dominant-and-submissive-postures-affects-more-than-public-perception-it-also-affects-felt-pain-and-physical-strength\/embed\/#?secret=tX5jfHwZH3#?secret=GbGKWrBrD4\" data-secret=\"GbGKWrBrD4\" width=\"593\" height=\"334\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>Bri\u00f1ol, P., Petty, R. E., &#038; Wagner, B. (2009). Body posture effects on self-evaluation: A self-validation approach. European Journal of Social Psychology, 39, 1053\u20131064.<\/p>\n<p>Balzarotti, Stefania ; Piccini, Luca ; Andreoni, Giuseppe ; Ciceri, Rita \u201cI Know That You Know How I Feel\u201d: Behavioral and Physiological Signals Demonstrate Emotional Attunement While Interacting with a Computer Simulating Emotional Intelligence. Journal of Nonverbal Behavior. 2014. 38(3): 283-299.<\/p>\n<p>Bartholomewn, Morgan E.; Sheri L. Johnson. Nonverbal Dominance Behavior Among Individuals at Risk for Mania. Journal of Affective Disorders. 2014. 159: 133-138.<\/p>\n<p>Burgoon, J. K., Johnson, M. L., &#038; Koch, P. T. (1998). The nature and measurement of interpersonal dominance. Communication Monographs, 65, 308\u2013335.<\/p>\n<p>Carney, D. R., Hall, J. A., &#038; LeBeau, L. S. (2005). Beliefs about the nonverbal expression of social power. Journal of Nonverbal Behavior, 29, 105\u2013123.<\/p>\n<p>Chance RMA (1962) An interpretation of some agonistic postures: the role of  \u201ccut-off\u201d acts and postures. Symp Zool Soc Lond 8: 71\u201389.<\/p>\n<p>Cashdan, Elizabeth.  Smiles, Speech, and Body Posture: How Women and Men Display Sociometric Status and Power. Journal of Nonverbal Behavior. 1998. 22(4): 209-228.<\/p>\n<p>Carney, Dana R.; Amy J.C. Cuddy; Andy J. Yap. Power Posing: Brief Nonverbal Displays Affect Neuroendocrine Levels and Risk Tolerance. Psychological Science, 2010; 21 (10): 1363-1368. http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/articles\/benefits-power-posing-high-stakes-performance\/<\/p>\n<p>Cuddy, Amy J.C., Caroline A. Wilmuth, and Dana R. Carney. The Benefit of Power Posing Before a High-Stakes Social Evaluation. Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 13-027, September 2012.<\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"RKQ3lvlb5x\"><p><a href=\"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/articles\/benefits-power-posing-high-stakes-performance\/\">The Benefits Of Power Posing Before High Stakes Performance<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; visibility: hidden;\" title=\"&#8220;The Benefits Of Power Posing Before High Stakes Performance&#8221; &#8212; Body Language Project.com\" src=\"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/articles\/benefits-power-posing-high-stakes-performance\/embed\/#?secret=notfugx6OX#?secret=RKQ3lvlb5x\" data-secret=\"RKQ3lvlb5x\" width=\"593\" height=\"334\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>Cesario, J., &#038; McDonald, M. M. (2013). Bodies in context: Power poses as a computation of action possibility. Social Cognition, 31, 260\u2013274.<\/p>\n<p>de Lemus, Soledad; Russell Spears and and Miguel Moya. The Power of a Smile to Move You: Complementary Submissiveness in Women\u2019s Posture as a Function of Gender Salience and Facial Expression. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin. 2012. 38(11): 1480-1494.<\/p>\n<p>Fischer, Julia; Peter Fischer; Birte Englich; Nil\u00fcfer Aydin and Dieter Frey. Empower My Decisions: The Effects of Power Gestures on Confirmatory Information Processing. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology. 2011. 47: 1146-1154.<\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"c8NrFCql3R\"><p><a href=\"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/articles\/downside-power-posing-body-language-looking-power-posing-action-study\/\">The Downside To Power Posing Body Language Looking At Power Posing In Action, Study<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; visibility: hidden;\" title=\"&#8220;The Downside To Power Posing Body Language Looking At Power Posing In Action, Study&#8221; &#8212; Body Language Project.com\" src=\"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/articles\/downside-power-posing-body-language-looking-power-posing-action-study\/embed\/#?secret=Fru7nErZSG#?secret=c8NrFCql3R\" data-secret=\"c8NrFCql3R\" width=\"593\" height=\"334\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>Carney, Dana R.; Amy J.C. Cuddy; Andy J. Yap. Power Posing: Brief Nonverbal Displays Affect Neuroendocrine Levels and Risk Tolerance. Psychological Science, 2010; 21 (10): 1363-1368. <\/p>\n<p>Gorkan Ahmetoglu, Viren Swami. Do Women Prefer \u201cNice Guys?\u201d The Effect Of Male Dominance Behavior On Women\u2019s Ratings. Social Behavior And Personality, 2012; 40(4), 667-672.<\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"XBImUQkOxg\"><p><a href=\"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/articles\/how-to-significantly-increase-male-attractiveness-with-simple-body-language-nice-guys-finish-last-once-again\/\">How To Significantly Increase Male Attractiveness With Simple Body Language \u2013 \u201cNice Guys\u201d Finish Last Once Again<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; visibility: hidden;\" title=\"&#8220;How To Significantly Increase Male Attractiveness With Simple Body Language \u2013 \u201cNice Guys\u201d Finish Last Once Again&#8221; &#8212; Body Language Project.com\" src=\"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/articles\/how-to-significantly-increase-male-attractiveness-with-simple-body-language-nice-guys-finish-last-once-again\/embed\/#?secret=bpH1NTEd73#?secret=XBImUQkOxg\" data-secret=\"XBImUQkOxg\" width=\"593\" height=\"334\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>Gifford, Robert ; O&#8217;Connor, Brian.  Nonverbal intimacy: Clarifying the role of seating distance and orientation.  Journal of Nonverbal Behavior. 1986 10(4): 207-214.<\/p>\n<p>Gunderson, Virginia M. ; Lockard, Joan S.  Human postural signals as intention movements to depart: African data.  Animal Behaviour. 1980 28(3): 966-967.<\/p>\n<p>Huang, L., Galinsky, A. D., Gruenfeld, D. H., &#038; Guillory, L. E. (2011). Powerful postures versus powerful roles: Which is the proximate correlate of thought and behavior? Psychological Science, 22, 95\u2013102.<\/p>\n<p>Harrigan, Jinni ; Oxman, Thomas ; Rosenthal, Robert.  Rapport expressed through nonverbal behavior.  Journal of Nonverbal Behavior. 1985 9(2): 95-110.<\/p>\n<p>Laird, J. D., &#038; Lacasse, K. (2014). Bodily influences on emotional feelings: Accumulating evidence and extensions of William James\u2019s theory of emotion. Emotion Review, 6, 27\u201334.<\/p>\n<p>Lee, E. H., &#038; Schnall, S. (2014). The influence of social power on weight perception. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 143, 1719\u20131725.<\/p>\n<p>Michalak, J., Mischnat, J., &#038; Teismann, T. (2014). Sitting posture makes a difference: Embodiment effects on depressive memory bias. Clinical Psychology &#038; Psychotherapy, 21, 519\u2013524.<\/p>\n<p>Minvaleev, R. S., Nozdrachev, A. D., Kir\u2019yanova, V. V., &#038; Ivanov, A. I. (2004). Postural influences on the hormone level in healthy subjects: I. The cobra posture and steroid hormones. Human Physiology, 30, 452\u2013456.<\/p>\n<p>Marsh, Abigail A; Henry H. Yu; Julia C. Schechter and R. J. R. Blair. Larger than Life: Humans\u2019 Nonverbal Status Cues Alter Perceived Size. PLoS ONE. 2009. 4(5): e5707. doi:10.1371\/journal.pone.0005707. http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/articles\/large-life-nonverbal-dominance-affects-perception-size\/<\/p>\n<p>Park, Lora E.; Lindsey Streamer; Li Huang and Adam D. Galinsky. Stand Tall, But Don\u2019t Put Your Feet Up: Universal and Culturally-Specific Effects of Expansive Postures On Power. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology. 2013; 49: 965\u2013971.<\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"h6qlfu7RGs\"><p><a href=\"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/articles\/are-expansive-postures-of-power-universal-or-cultural\/\">Are Expansive Postures Of Power Universal Or Cultural?<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; visibility: hidden;\" title=\"&#8220;Are Expansive Postures Of Power Universal Or Cultural?&#8221; &#8212; Body Language Project.com\" src=\"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/articles\/are-expansive-postures-of-power-universal-or-cultural\/embed\/#?secret=joXejda73f#?secret=h6qlfu7RGs\" data-secret=\"h6qlfu7RGs\" width=\"593\" height=\"334\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>LaFrance, M. (1979). Nonverbal synchrony and rapport: Analysis by the cross-lag panel technique. Social Psychology Quarterly, 42, 66-70. <\/p>\n<p>LaFrance, M. (1982). Posture mirroring and rapport. In M. Davis (Ed.), Interaction<br \/>\nrhythms: Periodicity in communicative behavior (pp. 279-298).New York: Human Sciences Press. <\/p>\n<p>LaFrance, M., &#038; Broadbent, M. (1976). Group rapport: Posture sharing as a nonverbal indicator. Group and Organization Studies, 1, 328-333.<\/p>\n<p>Locke, Connson C. and Cameron Anderson. The Downside of Looking Like a Leader: Leader\u2019s Powerful Demeanor Stifles Follower Voice in Participative Decision-Making.. Academy of Management Annual Meeting Proceedings. 2010. 8(1): 1-6.<\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"of5WhMR0Qi\"><p><a href=\"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/articles\/power-body-language-goes-far\/\">When Power Body Language Goes Too Far<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; visibility: hidden;\" title=\"&#8220;When Power Body Language Goes Too Far&#8221; &#8212; Body Language Project.com\" src=\"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/articles\/power-body-language-goes-far\/embed\/#?secret=xP0rVIDLWn#?secret=of5WhMR0Qi\" data-secret=\"of5WhMR0Qi\" width=\"593\" height=\"334\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>Lockard, J.S. ; Allen, D.J. ; Schiele, B.J. ; Wiemer, M.J.  Human postural signals: Stance, weight-shifts and social distance as intention movements to depart.  Animal Behaviour. 1978 26: 219-224.<\/p>\n<p>Meier, B.P., Robinson, M.D., &#038; Caven, A.J. (in press). Why a big mac is a good mac: Associations between affect and size. Basic and Applied Social Psychology.<\/p>\n<p>Matsumura, Shuichi ; Hayden, Thomas J. When should signals of submission be given?\u2013A game theory model. Journal of Theoretical Biology. 2006. 240(3): 425-433.<\/p>\n<p>Mehrabian, A. (1968) Inference of attitudes from the posture, orientation, and distance of a communicator. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 32, 296\u2013308.<\/p>\n<p>Mehrabian, A. (1969). Significance of posture and position in the communication of attitude and status relationship. Psychological Bulletin, 71, 359\u2013372.<\/p>\n<p>Mehrabian, Albert Holzberg, Jules D. (editor).  Inference of Attitudes From the Posture, Orientation and Distance of a Communicator.  Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 1968. 32(3): 296-308.<\/p>\n<p>Mehrabian, Albert Deese, James (editor).  Significance of posture and position in the communication of attitude and status relationships.  Psychological Bulletin. 1969. 71(5):  359-372.<\/p>\n<p>Matsumoto, D., &#038; Willingham, B. (2006). The thrill of victory and the agony of defeat: Spontaneous expressions of medal winners of the 2004 Athens Olympic Games. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 91(3), 568\u2013581.<\/p>\n<p>Mouterde, S. C., Duganzich, D. M., Molles, L. E., Helps, S., Helps, R., &#038; Waas, J. R. (2012). Triumph displays inform eavesdropping little blue penguins of new dominance asymmetries. Animal Behaviour, 83, 605\u2013611.<\/p>\n<p>Nair, S., Sagar, M., Sollers, J., III, Consedine, N., &#038; Broadbent, E. (2014). Do slumped and upright postures affect stress responses? A randomized trial. Health Psychology. Advance online publication. doi:10.1037\/hea0000146<\/p>\n<p>Park, Lora E.; Lindsey Streamer; Li Huang and Adam D. Galinsky. Stand Tall, But Don\u2019t Put Your Feet Up: Universal and Culturally-Specific Effects of Expansive Postures On Power. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology. 2013; 49: 965\u2013971.<\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"h6qlfu7RGs\"><p><a href=\"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/articles\/are-expansive-postures-of-power-universal-or-cultural\/\">Are Expansive Postures Of Power Universal Or Cultural?<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; visibility: hidden;\" title=\"&#8220;Are Expansive Postures Of Power Universal Or Cultural?&#8221; &#8212; Body Language Project.com\" src=\"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/articles\/are-expansive-postures-of-power-universal-or-cultural\/embed\/#?secret=joXejda73f#?secret=h6qlfu7RGs\" data-secret=\"h6qlfu7RGs\" width=\"593\" height=\"334\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>Pitterman, Hallee ; Nowicki Jr, Stephen. 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Psychological Science, March, 2015. doi: 10.1177\/0956797614553946<\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"UxMFqb47Rw\"><p><a href=\"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/articles\/power-posing-no-effect-hormones-amy-cuddy-wrong\/\">Power Posing Has No Effect On Hormones (Amy Cuddy Was Wrong)<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; visibility: hidden;\" title=\"&#8220;Power Posing Has No Effect On Hormones (Amy Cuddy Was Wrong)&#8221; &#8212; Body Language Project.com\" src=\"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/articles\/power-posing-no-effect-hormones-amy-cuddy-wrong\/embed\/#?secret=r0dvAGneW5#?secret=UxMFqb47Rw\" data-secret=\"UxMFqb47Rw\" width=\"593\" height=\"334\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>Riskind, J. H. (1984). They stoop to conquer: Guiding and selfregulatory functions of physical posture after success and failure. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 47, 479\u2013493.<\/p>\n<p>Riskind, J. H., &#038; Gotay, C. C. (1982). Physical posture: Could it have regulatory or feedback effects on motivation and emotion? Motivation and Emotion, 6, 273\u2013298.<\/p>\n<p>Roberts, Tomi-Ann and Yousef Arefi-Afshar. Not All Who Stand Tall Are Proud: Gender Differences in the Proprioceptive Effects of Upright Posture. Cognition and Emtion. 2007. 21(4):714-727.<\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"TB7XYiv00m\"><p><a href=\"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/articles\/do-women-benefit-from-power-posing-study-suggests-not\/\">Do Women Benefit From \u201cPower Posing?\u201d Study Suggests Not<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; visibility: hidden;\" title=\"&#8220;Do Women Benefit From \u201cPower Posing?\u201d Study Suggests Not&#8221; &#8212; Body Language Project.com\" src=\"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/articles\/do-women-benefit-from-power-posing-study-suggests-not\/embed\/#?secret=jaw54W10kZ#?secret=TB7XYiv00m\" data-secret=\"TB7XYiv00m\" width=\"593\" height=\"334\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>Stepper, S., &#038; Strack, F. (1993). Proprioceptive determinants of emotional and nonemotional feelings. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 64, 211\u2013220.<\/p>\n<p>Strelan, P., Weick, M., &#038; Vasiljevic, M. (2013). Power and revenge. British Journal of Social Psychology, 53, 521\u2013540.<\/p>\n<p>Sartori, Luisa ; Becchio, Cristina ; Castiello, Umberto.  Cues to Intention: The Role of Movement Information.  Cognition. 2011. 119(2): 242-252.<\/p>\n<p>Sturman, Edward D. Invluntary Subordination and Its Relation to Personality, Mood,<br \/>\nand Submissive Behavior. Psychological Assessment. 2011. 23(1): 262-276 DOI: 10.1037\/a0021499<\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"MNW1wAZx0r\"><p><a href=\"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/articles\/nonverbal-submission-men-women-depression-critical-examination-use-disuse-submission\/\">Nonverbal Submission In Men And Women In Depression &#8211; A Critical Examination Of The Use And Disuse Of Submission<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; visibility: hidden;\" title=\"&#8220;Nonverbal Submission In Men And Women In Depression &#8211; A Critical Examination Of The Use And Disuse Of Submission&#8221; &#8212; Body Language Project.com\" src=\"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/articles\/nonverbal-submission-men-women-depression-critical-examination-use-disuse-submission\/embed\/#?secret=gQGdi1beoj#?secret=MNW1wAZx0r\" data-secret=\"MNW1wAZx0r\" width=\"593\" height=\"334\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>Stanton, Steven J. and Robin S. Edelstein. The Physiology of Women\u2019s Power Motive: Implicit Power Motivation is Positively Associated With Estradiol Levels in Women. Journal of Research in Personality. 2009. 43: 1109-1113.<\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"dEa5fFINxq\"><p><a href=\"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/articles\/the-estrogen-factor-the-search-for-nonverbal-power-in-women\/\">The Estrogen Factor \u2013 The Search For Nonverbal Power In Women<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; visibility: hidden;\" title=\"&#8220;The Estrogen Factor \u2013 The Search For Nonverbal Power In Women&#8221; &#8212; Body Language Project.com\" src=\"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/articles\/the-estrogen-factor-the-search-for-nonverbal-power-in-women\/embed\/#?secret=3ksumrKw5O#?secret=dEa5fFINxq\" data-secret=\"dEa5fFINxq\" width=\"593\" height=\"334\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>Stanton, Steven J. The Essential Implications of Gender in Human Behavioral Endocrinology Studies. Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience. 2011. 5(9): 1-3. doi: 10.3389\/fnbeh.2011.00009<\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"ugYO7dLp5z\"><p><a href=\"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/articles\/a-critical-commentary-on-amy-cuddys-power-posing\/\">A Critical Commentary On Amy Cuddy\u2019s Power Posing<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; visibility: hidden;\" title=\"&#8220;A Critical Commentary On Amy Cuddy\u2019s Power Posing&#8221; &#8212; Body Language Project.com\" src=\"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/articles\/a-critical-commentary-on-amy-cuddys-power-posing\/embed\/#?secret=XCBvL0sqh0#?secret=ugYO7dLp5z\" data-secret=\"ugYO7dLp5z\" width=\"593\" height=\"334\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>Schwartz, B., Tesser, A., &#038; Powell, E. (1982). Dominance cues in nonverbal behavior. Social Psychology Quarterly, 45, 114\u2013120.<\/p>\n<p>Stepper, S., &#038; Strack, F. (1993). Proprioceptive determinants of emotional and nonemotional feelings. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 64, 211\u2013220.<\/p>\n<p>Tamir, M., Robinson, M. D., Clore, G. L., Martin, L. L., &#038; Whitaker, D. J. (2004). Are we puppets on a string? The contextual meaning of unconscious expressive cues. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 30, 237\u2013249.<\/p>\n<p>Tracy, J. L., &#038; Robins, R. W. (2004). Show your pride: Evidence for a discrete emotion expression. Psychological Science, 15, 194\u2013197.<\/p>\n<p>Tiedens, Larissa Z. and Alison R. Fragale. Power Moves: Complementarity in Dominant and Submissive Nonverbal Behavior. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 2003, 84(3): 558\u2013568.<\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"UxMFqb47Rw\"><p><a href=\"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/articles\/power-posing-no-effect-hormones-amy-cuddy-wrong\/\">Power Posing Has No Effect On Hormones (Amy Cuddy Was Wrong)<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; visibility: hidden;\" title=\"&#8220;Power Posing Has No Effect On Hormones (Amy Cuddy Was Wrong)&#8221; &#8212; Body Language Project.com\" src=\"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/articles\/power-posing-no-effect-hormones-amy-cuddy-wrong\/embed\/#?secret=r0dvAGneW5#?secret=UxMFqb47Rw\" data-secret=\"UxMFqb47Rw\" width=\"593\" height=\"334\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>Welker, Keith M. ; Oberleitner, David E. ; Cain, Samantha ; Carr\u00e9, Justin M.  Upright and left out: Posture moderates the effects of social exclusion on mood and threats to basic needs. European Journal of Social Psychology. 2013 43(5): 355-361<\/p>\n<p>Yap, Andy J. Abbie S. Wazlawek, Brian J. Lucas, Amy J. C. Cuddy, Dana R. Carney. The Ergonomics of Dishonesty: The Effect of Incidental Posture on Stealing, Cheating, and Traffic Violations, 24(11); 2281-2289.<\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"cdiUP3svWc\"><p><a href=\"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/articles\/body-posture-physical-environment-determine-feelings-and-behaviour-study\/\">Body Posture, Physical Environment, Determine Feelings And Behaviour, Study.<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; visibility: hidden;\" title=\"&#8220;Body Posture, Physical Environment, Determine Feelings And Behaviour, Study.&#8221; &#8212; Body Language Project.com\" src=\"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/articles\/body-posture-physical-environment-determine-feelings-and-behaviour-study\/embed\/#?secret=gFbitQIDlC#?secret=cdiUP3svWc\" data-secret=\"cdiUP3svWc\" width=\"593\" height=\"334\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Body Language of Figure Four Seating Position (The) or The Ankle-Knee Cross Cue: Figure Four Seating Position (The) or The Ankle-Knee Cross Synonym(s): Ankle-Knee Cross (The) Description: This body position occurs as one leg is bent, oriented horizontally and pulled&hellip;<\/p>\n<p class=\"more-link-p\"><a class=\"more-link\" href=\"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/nonverbal-dictionary\/body-language-of-figure-four-seating-position-the-or-the-ankle-knee-cross\/\">Read more &rarr;<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[116,67,163,58,69,118,65,70,75],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-518","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-arrogance-or-arrogant-body-language","category-authoritative-body-language","category-blocking-or-shielding","category-body-cross","category-confident","category-crotch-display","category-dominant-body-language","category-expansive-movements","category-open-body-language"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/nonverbal-dictionary\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/518","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/nonverbal-dictionary\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/nonverbal-dictionary\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/nonverbal-dictionary\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/nonverbal-dictionary\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=518"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/nonverbal-dictionary\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/518\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2429,"href":"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/nonverbal-dictionary\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/518\/revisions\/2429"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/nonverbal-dictionary\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=518"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/nonverbal-dictionary\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=518"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/nonverbal-dictionary\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=518"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}