{"id":501,"date":"2014-10-21T16:27:43","date_gmt":"2014-10-21T16:27:43","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/nonverbal-dictionary\/?p=501"},"modified":"2015-06-04T19:25:06","modified_gmt":"2015-06-04T19:25:06","slug":"body-language-of-fearful-facial-expression","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/nonverbal-dictionary\/body-language-of-fearful-facial-expression\/","title":{"rendered":"Body Language of Fearful Facial Expression"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Body Language of Fearful Facial Expression<\/p>\n<p><strong><a href=\"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/nonverbal-dictionary\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/10\/BodyLanguageProjectCom-Fearful-Facial-Expression-1.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright size-full wp-image-1505\" alt=\"BodyLanguageProjectCom - Fearful Facial Expression 1\" src=\"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/nonverbal-dictionary\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/10\/BodyLanguageProjectCom-Fearful-Facial-Expression-1.jpg\" width=\"500\" height=\"750\" srcset=\"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/nonverbal-dictionary\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/10\/BodyLanguageProjectCom-Fearful-Facial-Expression-1.jpg 500w, http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/nonverbal-dictionary\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/10\/BodyLanguageProjectCom-Fearful-Facial-Expression-1-200x300.jpg 200w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/><\/a>Cue<\/strong>: Fearful Facial Expression<\/p>\n<p><strong>Synonym(s)<\/strong>: N\/A<\/p>\n<p><strong>Description<\/strong>: The fearful facial expression is sometimes confused with surprise, as only subtle differences exist between them. During fear, eyebrows rise and are pulled together, and curve, although less than in surprise. Wrinkles also appear in the forehead, but do not cross the entire forehead like in the surprised expression. The upper and lower eyelids rise to expose the white of the eyes. The lips may be stretched back and the mouth opened.<\/p>\n<p><strong>In One Sentence<\/strong>: The fear face is a face demonstrating emotional horror.<\/p>\n<p><strong>How To Use it<\/strong>: Use the fear face to show others that you can not handle the situation at hand. Fear is correctly used by children when they want parents to step in and protect them from danger. The same effect can be had from the fear expression in adults. At worse, the fear face is a warning to others that something dangerous is happening and that caution is advised.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Context<\/strong>: General.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Verbal Translation<\/strong>: \u201cI\u2019m scared and so the muscles in my face contracting and contorting to show my internal panic.\u201d<\/p>\n<p><strong>Variant<\/strong>: N\/A<\/p>\n<p><strong>Cue In Action<\/strong>: People jumped back in horror while walking through the haunted house.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Meaning and\/or Motivation<\/strong>: The fear facial expression is one of the six universal expressions that exist in humans all around the world which are happiness, sadness, surprise, fear, anger and disgust.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Cue Cluster<\/strong>: Tense muscles accompany a fearful expression. The body might jump; the hands may come up and protect the torso and face in a blocking posture. A person might scream, a breath might be taken in; the head might duck and be tossed backward.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Body Language Category<\/strong>: Fearful body language.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Resources:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Bard, K. A. (2003). Development of emotional expressions in chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes). In P. Ekman, J. Campos, R. J. Davidson &#038; F. B. M. De Waal (Eds.), Emotions inside out: 130 years after Darwin\u2019s The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals (Vol. 1000, pp. 88-90). New York: Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences.<\/p>\n<p>Baron, R. M., &#038; Kenny, D. A. (1986). The moderator-mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: Conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51(6), 1173-1882.<\/p>\n<p>Biehl, M., Matsumoto, D., Ekman, P., Hearn, V., Heider, K., Kudoh, T., et al. (1997). Matsumoto and Ekman\u2019s Japanese and Caucasian Facial Expressions of Emotion (JACFEE): Reliability Data and Cross-National Differences. Journal of Nonverbal Behavior, 21, 3-21.<\/p>\n<p>Carroll E. 1994. Innate and universal facial expressions: Evidence from developmental and cross-cultural research Izard, Psychological Bulletin. 115(2): 288-299.<\/p>\n<p>Daniel H. Lee, Reza Mirza, John G. Flanagan and Adam K. Anderson. Optical Origins of Opposing Facial Expression Actions. Psychological Science published online 24 January 2014 DOI: 10.1177\/0956797613514451<\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"TYUK8VCEem\"><p><a href=\"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/articles\/eyes-and-facial-expressions-may-be-biologically-controlled-serve-a-real-non-emotional-purpose-says-research\/\">Eyes And Facial Expressions May Be Biologically Controlled  \u2013 Serve A Real Non-Emotional Purpose, Says Research.<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; visibility: hidden;\" title=\"&#8220;Eyes And Facial Expressions May Be Biologically Controlled  \u2013 Serve A Real Non-Emotional Purpose, Says Research.&#8221; &#8212; Body Language Project.com\" src=\"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/articles\/eyes-and-facial-expressions-may-be-biologically-controlled-serve-a-real-non-emotional-purpose-says-research\/embed\/#?secret=h02QaorjKP#?secret=TYUK8VCEem\" data-secret=\"TYUK8VCEem\" width=\"593\" height=\"334\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>de Waal, F. B. M. (2003). Darwin\u2019s legacy and the study of primate visual communication. In P. Ekman, J. Campos, R. J. Davidson &#038; F. B. M. De Waal (Eds.), Emotions inside out: 130 years after Darwin\u2019s The Expression of Emotion in Man and Animals (pp. 7-31). New York: New York Academy of Sciences.<\/p>\n<p>Ekman, P. (1994). Strong evidence for universals in facial expressions: A reply to Russell\u2019s mistaken critique. Psychological Bulletin, 115, 268-287.<\/p>\n<p>Ekman, P., Friesen, W. V., O\u2019Sullivan, M., Chan, A., Diacoyanni-Tarlatzis, I., Heider, K., et al. (1987). Universals and cultural differences in the judgments of facial expressions of emotion. Journal of Personality &#038; Social Psychology, 53(4), 712-717.<\/p>\n<p>Ekman, P., Levenson, R. W., &#038; Friesen, W. V. (1983). Autonomic nervous system activity distinguishes among emotions. Science, 221(4616), 1208-1210.<\/p>\n<p>Ekman, P., O\u2019Sullivan, M., &#038; Matsumoto, D. (1991a). Confusions about context in the judgment of facial expression: A reply to \u201cThe contempt expression and the relativity thesis.\u201d. Motivation &#038; Emotion, 15(2), 169-176.<\/p>\n<p>Ekman, P., O\u2019Sullivan, M., &#038; Matsumoto, D. (1991b). Contradictions in the study of contempt: What\u2019s it all about? Reply to Russell. Motivation &#038; Emotion, 15(4), 293-296.<\/p>\n<p>Elfenbein, H. A., &#038; Ambady, N. (2002). On the universality and cultural specificity of emotion recognition: A meta-analysis. Psychological Bulletin, 128(2), 205-235.<br \/>\nEkman, Paul. 1986. A new pan-cultural facial expression of emotion. Source: Motivation and Emotion Ekman. 10(2): 159-168. <\/p>\n<p>Ekman, Paul and Friesen, W. V. 1987. Universals and cultural differences in the judgments of facial expressions of emotion. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 53(4): 712-717.<\/p>\n<p>Ekman, Paul; Friesen, Wallace V. 1971. Constants across cultures in the face and emotion. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 17(2): 124-129.<\/p>\n<p>Ekman, Paul. 1972. Universals and cultural differences in facial expressions of emotion. In J. Cole (Ed.), Nebraska Symposium on Motivation, 1971. 19: 207-282. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press.<\/p>\n<p>Fulcher, J. S. \u201cVoluntary\u201d facial expression in blind and seeing children. Archives of Psychology, 1942. 38: 272.<\/p>\n<p>Friesen, W. V. 1972. Cultural differences in facial expressions in a social situation: An experimental test of the concept of display rules. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of California, San Francisco.<\/p>\n<p>James A. Russell, Naoto Suzuki and Noriko Ishida. 1993. Canadian, Greek, and Japanese freely produced emotion labels for facial expressions. Motivation and Emotion. 17(4): 337 -351<\/p>\n<p>Levenson, R. W., Ekman, P., &#038; Friesen, W. V. (1990). Voluntary facial action generates emotion-specific autonomic nervous system activity. Psychophysiology, 27(4), 363-384.<\/p>\n<p>Levenson, R. W., Ekman, P., Heider, K., &#038; Friesen, W. V. (1992). Emotion and autonomic nervous system activity in the Minangkabau of West Sumatra. Journal of Personality &#038; Social Psychology, 62(6), 972-988.<\/p>\n<p>Matsumoto, D. (1989). Cultural influences on the perception of emotion. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 20(1), 92-105.<\/p>\n<p>Matsumoto, D. (1992). American-Japanese cultural differences in the recognition of universal facial expressions. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 23(1), 72-84.<\/p>\n<p>Matsumoto, D. (2001). Culture and Emotion. In D. Matsumoto (Ed.), The Handbook of Culture and Psychology (pp. 171-194). New York: Oxford University Press.<\/p>\n<p>Matsumoto, D., &#038; Ekman, P. (1989). American-Japanese cultural differences in intensity ratings of facial expressions of emotion. Motivation &#038; Emotion, 13(2), 143-157.<\/p>\n<p>Matsumoto, D., Keltner, D., Shiota, M. N., Frank, M. G., &#038; O\u2019Sullivan, M. (2008). What\u2019s in a face? Facial expressions as signals of discrete emotions. In M. Lewis, J. M.<br \/>\nHaviland &#038; L. Feldman Barrett (Eds.), Handbook of emotions (pp. 211-234). New York: Guilford Press.<\/p>\n<p>Matsumoto, D., &#038; Willingham, B. (2009). Spontaneous Facial Expressions of Emotion of Congenitally and Non-Congenitally Blind Individuals. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 96(1), 1-10.<\/p>\n<p>Mesquita, B., &#038; Frijda, N. H. (1992). Cultural variations in emotions: A review. Psychological Bulletin, 112, 197-204.<\/p>\n<p>McClure, Erin B  2000. A meta-analytic review of sex differences in facial expression processing and their development in infants, children, and adolescents<br \/>\nPsychological Bulletin. 126(3): 424-453.<\/p>\n<p>Mead, M. 1975. Review of &#8220;Darwin and facial expression.&#8221; Journal of Communication, 25: 209-213.<\/p>\n<p>Peleg, G., Katzir, G., Peleg, O., Kamara, M., Brodsky, L., Hel-Or, H., et al. (2006). Heriditary family signature of facial expression. Proceedings from the National Academy of Sciences, 103(43), 15921-15926.<\/p>\n<p>Russell, James A. 1995. Facial Expressions of Emotion: What Lies Beyond Minimal Universality?  Psychological bulletin. 118(3): 379-391.<\/p>\n<p>Russell, James A. 1994. Is There Universal Recognition of Emotion From Facial Expression? A Review of the Cross-Cultural Studies. Psychological Bulletin. 115(1): 102-141.<\/p>\n<p>Susskind, Joshua M and Adam K Anderson. Facial Expression Form and Function. Communicative Integrative Biology. 2008. 1(2): 148\u2013149. PMCID: PMC2686004<\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"crapFK1yoB\"><p><a href=\"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/articles\/emotional-facial-expressions-evolve\/\">How Did Emotional Facial Expressions Evolve?<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; visibility: hidden;\" title=\"&#8220;How Did Emotional Facial Expressions Evolve?&#8221; &#8212; Body Language Project.com\" src=\"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/articles\/emotional-facial-expressions-evolve\/embed\/#?secret=fT4OIYvFkq#?secret=crapFK1yoB\" data-secret=\"crapFK1yoB\" width=\"593\" height=\"334\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Body Language of Fearful Facial Expression Cue: Fearful Facial Expression Synonym(s): N\/A Description: The fearful facial expression is sometimes confused with surprise, as only subtle differences exist between them. During fear, eyebrows rise and are pulled together, and curve, although&hellip;<\/p>\n<p class=\"more-link-p\"><a class=\"more-link\" href=\"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/nonverbal-dictionary\/body-language-of-fearful-facial-expression\/\">Read more &rarr;<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[55],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-501","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-fearful-body-language"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/nonverbal-dictionary\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/501","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/nonverbal-dictionary\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/nonverbal-dictionary\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/nonverbal-dictionary\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/nonverbal-dictionary\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=501"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/nonverbal-dictionary\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/501\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2421,"href":"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/nonverbal-dictionary\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/501\/revisions\/2421"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/nonverbal-dictionary\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=501"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/nonverbal-dictionary\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=501"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/nonverbal-dictionary\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=501"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}