{"id":497,"date":"2014-10-21T16:25:07","date_gmt":"2014-10-21T16:25:07","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/nonverbal-dictionary\/?p=497"},"modified":"2015-06-04T19:23:58","modified_gmt":"2015-06-04T19:23:58","slug":"body-language-of-fear-smile-or-stress-smile","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/nonverbal-dictionary\/body-language-of-fear-smile-or-stress-smile\/","title":{"rendered":"Body Language of Fear Smile or Stress Smile"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Body Language of Fear Smile or Stress Smile<\/p>\n<p><strong><a href=\"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/nonverbal-dictionary\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/10\/No-pic.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright size-full wp-image-1286\" alt=\"No pic\" src=\"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/nonverbal-dictionary\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/10\/No-pic.jpg\" width=\"500\" height=\"750\" srcset=\"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/nonverbal-dictionary\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/10\/No-pic.jpg 500w, http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/nonverbal-dictionary\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/10\/No-pic-200x300.jpg 200w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/><\/a>Cue<\/strong>: Fear Smile<\/p>\n<p><strong>Synonym(s)<\/strong>: Stress Smile, Fear Grin.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Description<\/strong>: A smile where the lips are stretched to form a rectangular shape. These muscles sometimes pull the corners of the mouth upwards slightly to produce a grimace. Accompanying the lips stretch is a contraction of the eyebrows together coupled with an upward lift and widened eyes.<\/p>\n<p><strong>In One Sentence<\/strong>: The fear smile indicates emotional stress.<\/p>\n<p><strong>How To Use it<\/strong>: The fear smile is more of a reactive nonverbal signal then one to be used to influence other people. In other words, when stressed, our natural inclination is to smile in fear, however, this is usually taken as a demonstration of smugness as the smile appears out of context. Most often, when it appears people wonder why you are laughing and will command you wipe that smug look off your face. This is especially the case when the fear smile appears when being reprimanded.<\/p>\n<p>Therefore, concealing or stifling the fear smile is probably the best recourse. Stifling an expression, especially the fear smile, while dishonest, does make one appear more stoic when facing a particularly difficult situation.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Context<\/strong>: General.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Verbal Translation<\/strong>: \u201cI\u2019m scared and my smile is motivated by stress, rather than joy, and it\u2019s a way to mask my truly felt emotions.\u201d<\/p>\n<p><strong>Variant<\/strong>: See <a href=\"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/nonverbal-dictionary\/body-language-of-smiling\/\" target=\"_blank\">Smiling<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/nonverbal-dictionary\/body-language-of-fear-smile-or-stress-smile\/\" target=\"_blank\">Fear Smile<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/nonverbal-dictionary\/body-language-of-friendly-smile\/\" target=\"_blank\">Friendly Smile<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/nonverbal-dictionary\/body-language-of-the-frown-or-downturned-smile\/\" target=\"_blank\">Frown (the) or Downturned Smile<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/nonverbal-dictionary\/body-language-of-honest-smile-or-duchenne-smile\/\" target=\"_blank\">Honest Smile or Duchenne Smile<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/nonverbal-dictionary\/body-language-of-jaw-drop-smile\/\" target=\"_blank\">Jaw Drop Smile<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/nonverbal-dictionary\/body-language-of-the-nervous-smile\/\" target=\"_blank\">Nervous Smile<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/nonverbal-dictionary\/body-language-of-polite-smile-the\/\" target=\"_blank\">Polite Smile (the)<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/nonverbal-dictionary\/body-language-of-the-uneven-smile-or-lopsided-smile\/\" target=\"_blank\">Uneven Smile Or Lopsided Smile<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/nonverbal-dictionary\/body-language-of-upper-lip-smile\/\" target=\"_blank\">Upper Lip Smile<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/nonverbal-dictionary\/body-language-of-the-artificial-smile-or-fake-smile\/\" target=\"_blank\">Artificial Smile or Fake Smile<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/nonverbal-dictionary\/body-language-of-the-nervous-smile\/\" target=\"_blank\">Nervous Smile<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/nonverbal-dictionary\/body-language-of-honest-smile-or-duchenne-smile\/\" target=\"_blank\">Honest Smile or Duchenne Smile<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/nonverbal-dictionary\/body-language-of-the-contempt-facial-expression-and-contempt-smile\/\" target=\"_blank\">Contempt Facial Expression<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Cue In Action<\/strong>: She came up to him yelling and screaming. He backed away and put his arms over his chest and smiled awkwardly. He had no idea she had been brooding and was not expecting her to confront him in this way. She continued, \u201cwipe that smug look off your face.\u201d She didn\u2019t realize that his smile was due to feeling overwhelmed.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Meaning and\/or Motivation<\/strong>: Not all smiles are due to happiness. Sometimes people will smile when they are under high stress. Being confronted can produce the fear smile. If we\u2019re careful to watch for it, it appears like a goofy looking smile. For great examples of the fear smile, watch television courtroom shows. When Judge Judy asks the defendant to wipe that smile off their face \u2013 you know she\u2019s asking them to be more stoic rather than flash the fear smile. She is misperceiving the fear smile as smugness.<\/p>\n<p>We see stress smiles when people are at a loss for words in a verbal confrontation and have no way to escape. Research has theorized that the smile actually has roots as a sign of fear where the teeth are bared to confront aggressive challenges. When people show the fear grin they are usually labeled as smug, but the emotion behind this smile is anything but. Human smiles are a universally submissive gesture but they can also symbolize pleasure, amusement, aggression, or anxiety (grimace). However, these other emotions never truly supercede the most common purpose of the smile, which is to show submission.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Cue Cluster<\/strong>: The fear smile is accompanied by defensive postures such as arm crossing, leaning away, head turned away, eyes averted and a deadpan look on the face.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Body Language Category<\/strong>: Appease, Closed body language, Conflicting gestures, Emotional body language, Fearful body language, Masked emotions, Negative body language, Stressful body language, Submissive body language.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Resources:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Abel, Ernest L. and Michael L. Kruger. Smile Intensity in Photographs Predicts Longevity. Psychological Science. 2010. 21(4): 542-544.<br \/>\nSeder, J. Patrick and Shigehiro Oishi. Intensity of Smiling in Facebook Photos Predicts Future Life Satisfaction. Social Psychological and Personality Science. 2012. 3(4): 407-413.<\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"Z4h92KhP62\"><p><a href=\"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/articles\/facebook-smile-predicts-life-satisfaction\/\">Your Facebook Smile Predicts Life Satisfaction<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; visibility: hidden;\" title=\"&#8220;Your Facebook Smile Predicts Life Satisfaction&#8221; &#8212; Body Language Project.com\" src=\"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/articles\/facebook-smile-predicts-life-satisfaction\/embed\/#?secret=maiClrnHg3#?secret=Z4h92KhP62\" data-secret=\"Z4h92KhP62\" width=\"593\" height=\"334\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>Carroll E. 1994. Innate and universal facial expressions: Evidence from developmental and cross-cultural research Izard, Psychological Bulletin. 115(2): 288-299.<\/p>\n<p>Colonnesi, Cristina; Susan M. Bogels; Wieke de Vente and Mirjana Majdandzic. What Coy Smiles Say About Positive Shyness in Early Infancy. Infancy. 2013. 18(2): 202\u2013220. ISSN: 1525-0008 print \/ 1532-7078 online<br \/>\nDOI: 10.1111\/j.1532-7078.2012.00117.x<\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"SEEkWnBqOC\"><p><a href=\"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/articles\/nonverbal-meaning-coy-smiles-infants\/\">The Nonverbal Meaning Of Coy Smiles In Infants<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; visibility: hidden;\" title=\"&#8220;The Nonverbal Meaning Of Coy Smiles In Infants&#8221; &#8212; Body Language Project.com\" src=\"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/articles\/nonverbal-meaning-coy-smiles-infants\/embed\/#?secret=kdYuD1pD1K#?secret=SEEkWnBqOC\" data-secret=\"SEEkWnBqOC\" width=\"593\" height=\"334\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>Ekman, Paul. 1994. Strong evidence for universals in facial expressions: A reply to Russell&#8217;s mistaken critique Psychological Bulletin. 115(2): 268-287.<\/p>\n<p>Ekman, Paul. 1986. A new pan-cultural facial expression of emotion. Source: Motivation and Emotion Ekman. 10(2): 159-168. <\/p>\n<p>Ekman, Paul and Friesen, W. V. 1987. Universals and cultural differences in the judgments of facial expressions of emotion. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 53(4): 712-717.<\/p>\n<p>Ekman, Paul; Friesen, Wallace V. 1971. Constants across cultures in the face and emotion. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 17(2): 124-129.<\/p>\n<p>Ekman, Paul. 1972. Universals and cultural differences in facial expressions of emotion. In J. Cole (Ed.), Nebraska Symposium on Motivation, 1971. 19: 207-282. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press.<\/p>\n<p>Fulcher, J. S. \u201cVoluntary\u201d facial expression in blind and seeing children. Archives of Psychology, 1942. 38: 272.<\/p>\n<p>Friesen, W. V. 1972. Cultural differences in facial expressions in a social situation: An experimental test of the concept of display rules. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of California, San Francisco.<\/p>\n<p>Fairbairn, Catharine E.; Michael A. Sayette; Odd O. Aalen and Arnoldo Frigessi. Alcohol and Emotional Contagion: An Examination of the Spreading of Smiles in Male and Female Drinking Groups. Clinical Psychological Science. 2014. DOI: 2167702614548892<\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"ZwYE6Ktv2S\"><p><a href=\"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/articles\/alcohol-social-lubricant-male-smiles\/\">Alcohol Is the Social Lubricant For Male Smiles<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; visibility: hidden;\" title=\"&#8220;Alcohol Is the Social Lubricant For Male Smiles&#8221; &#8212; Body Language Project.com\" src=\"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/articles\/alcohol-social-lubricant-male-smiles\/embed\/#?secret=5lUNRFgJwV#?secret=ZwYE6Ktv2S\" data-secret=\"ZwYE6Ktv2S\" width=\"593\" height=\"334\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>Gueguen, Nicolas. Weather and Smiling Contagion: A Quasi Experiment With the Smiling Sunshine. Journal of Nonverbal Behavior. 2013. 37:51\u201355. DOI 10.1007\/s10919-012-0140-y<\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"PLUiFAblGm\"><p><a href=\"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/articles\/weather-smile-not-contagion-smile-linked-weather-conditions\/\">\u2018Weather\u2019 To Smile Or Not \u2013 Contagion Of A Smile Linked To Weather Conditions<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; visibility: hidden;\" title=\"&#8220;\u2018Weather\u2019 To Smile Or Not \u2013 Contagion Of A Smile Linked To Weather Conditions&#8221; &#8212; Body Language Project.com\" src=\"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/articles\/weather-smile-not-contagion-smile-linked-weather-conditions\/embed\/#?secret=jDfPxquEoF#?secret=PLUiFAblGm\" data-secret=\"PLUiFAblGm\" width=\"593\" height=\"334\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>Gu\u00e9guen, N. The Effect Of A Woman\u2019s Smile On Men\u2019s Courtship Behavior. Social Behavior and Personality. 2008. 36(9): 1233-1236.<\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"hAz4Rl7QdH\"><p><a href=\"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/articles\/how-women-can-use-a-simple-smile-to-attract-men\/\">How Women Can Use A Simple Smile To Attract Men<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; visibility: hidden;\" title=\"&#8220;How Women Can Use A Simple Smile To Attract Men&#8221; &#8212; Body Language Project.com\" src=\"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/articles\/how-women-can-use-a-simple-smile-to-attract-men\/embed\/#?secret=ty0eApxKBj#?secret=hAz4Rl7QdH\" data-secret=\"hAz4Rl7QdH\" width=\"593\" height=\"334\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>Gu\u00e9guen, N., &#038; Fischer-Lokou, J. (2004). Hitchhiker\u2019s Smiles And Receipt Of Help. Psychological Reports. 94: 756-760.<\/p>\n<p>Gosselin, Pierre; Reem Maassarani; Alastair Younger and M\u00e9lanie Perron. Children\u2019s Deliberate Control of Facial Action Units Involved in Sad and Happy Expressions. Journal of Nonverbal Behaviour. 2011. 35:225\u2013242. DOI 10.1007\/s10919-011-0110-9.<\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"eYY3JwkvsT\"><p><a href=\"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/articles\/childrens-control-facial-actions-improve-age-create-accurate-emotional-expressions\/\">Children\u2019s Control of Facial Actions Improve With Age To Create Accurate Emotional Expressions<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; visibility: hidden;\" title=\"&#8220;Children\u2019s Control of Facial Actions Improve With Age To Create Accurate Emotional Expressions&#8221; &#8212; Body Language Project.com\" src=\"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/articles\/childrens-control-facial-actions-improve-age-create-accurate-emotional-expressions\/embed\/#?secret=xAij5OwFwv#?secret=eYY3JwkvsT\" data-secret=\"eYY3JwkvsT\" width=\"593\" height=\"334\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>Gunnery, Sarah D.; Judith A. Hall and Mollie A. Ruben. The Deliberate Duchenne Smile: Individual Differences in Expressive Control. Journal of Nonverbal Behavior. 2013. 37:29\u201341. DOI 10.1007\/s10919-012-0139-4<\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"3v87l9Xwp2\"><p><a href=\"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/articles\/can-probably-fake-honest-smile-deliberate-duchenne-smile\/\">You Can Probably Fake An Honest Smile &#8211; The Deliberate Duchenne Smile<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; visibility: hidden;\" title=\"&#8220;You Can Probably Fake An Honest Smile &#8211; The Deliberate Duchenne Smile&#8221; &#8212; Body Language Project.com\" src=\"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/articles\/can-probably-fake-honest-smile-deliberate-duchenne-smile\/embed\/#?secret=SI6i1DwTKL#?secret=3v87l9Xwp2\" data-secret=\"3v87l9Xwp2\" width=\"593\" height=\"334\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>Golle, Jessika; Fred W.; Mast and Janek S. Lobmaier. Something to Smile About: The Interrelationship Between Attractiveness and Emotional Expression. Cognition and Emotion, 2014. 28:2: 298-310. DOI: 10.1080\/02699931.2013.817383.<\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"GcOXyGC9vQ\"><p><a href=\"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/articles\/smiles-arent-just-cameras\/\">Smiles Aren\u2019t Just For The Cameras<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; visibility: hidden;\" title=\"&#8220;Smiles Aren\u2019t Just For The Cameras&#8221; &#8212; Body Language Project.com\" src=\"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/articles\/smiles-arent-just-cameras\/embed\/#?secret=wmCyTabTGr#?secret=GcOXyGC9vQ\" data-secret=\"GcOXyGC9vQ\" width=\"593\" height=\"334\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>Hertenstein, Matthew J.; Carrie A. Hansel; Alissa M. Butts and Sarah N. Hile. Smile Intensity In Photographs Predicts Divorce Later In Life. Motiv Emot. 2009; 33:99-105<br \/>\nDOI 10.1007\/s11031-009-9124-6<\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"01juTISECo\"><p><a href=\"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/articles\/small-smiles-predicts-divorce\/\">Small Smiles Predicts Divorce<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; visibility: hidden;\" title=\"&#8220;Small Smiles Predicts Divorce&#8221; &#8212; Body Language Project.com\" src=\"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/articles\/small-smiles-predicts-divorce\/embed\/#?secret=EBJyObnSas#?secret=01juTISECo\" data-secret=\"01juTISECo\" width=\"593\" height=\"334\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>Harker, L., &#038; Keltner, D. (2001). Expressions Of Positive Emotion In Women\u2019s College Yearbook Pictures And Their Relationship To Personality And Life Outcomes Across Adulthood. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 80(1), 112\u2013124. doi: 10.1037\/0022-3514.80.1.112.<\/p>\n<p>James A. Russell, Naoto Suzuki and Noriko Ishida. 1993. Canadian, Greek, and Japanese freely produced emotion labels for facial expressions. Motivation and Emotion. 17(4): 337 -351<\/p>\n<p>Krumhuber, E., Manstead, A., &#038; Kappas, A. Temporal Aspects of Facial Displays in Person and Expression Perception: The Effects of Smile Dynamics, Head-tilt, and Gender. Journal of Nonverbal Behavior. 2007. 31(1), 39-56.<\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"d70m5q5vO9\"><p><a href=\"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/articles\/slow-onset-smile-best\/\">Slow Onset Smile Are Best<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; visibility: hidden;\" title=\"&#8220;Slow Onset Smile Are Best&#8221; &#8212; Body Language Project.com\" src=\"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/articles\/slow-onset-smile-best\/embed\/#?secret=aPIc1gPk0t#?secret=d70m5q5vO9\" data-secret=\"d70m5q5vO9\" width=\"593\" height=\"334\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>Krause, Michael W. and Teh-Way David Chen. A Winning Smile? Smile Intensity, Physical Dominance, and Fighter Performance. Emotion. 2013. 13 (2): 270\u2013279. DOI: 10.1037\/a0030745<\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"n5owQln53w\"><p><a href=\"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/articles\/smile-lose-smile-intensity-predicts-fighting-ability\/\">You Smile, You Lose \u2013 Smile Intensity Predicts Fighting Ability<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; visibility: hidden;\" title=\"&#8220;You Smile, You Lose \u2013 Smile Intensity Predicts Fighting Ability&#8221; &#8212; Body Language Project.com\" src=\"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/articles\/smile-lose-smile-intensity-predicts-fighting-ability\/embed\/#?secret=4V5VERjC9z#?secret=n5owQln53w\" data-secret=\"n5owQln53w\" width=\"593\" height=\"334\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>Krumhuber, Eva G.; Manstead and Antony S. R. Can Duchenne smiles be feigned? New evidence on felt and false smiles. Emotion. 2009. 9 (6): 807-820.<\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"8N51WIhQGV\"><p><a href=\"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/articles\/can-fake-real-smile-practice\/\">You Can Fake A Real Smile With Practice<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; visibility: hidden;\" title=\"&#8220;You Can Fake A Real Smile With Practice&#8221; &#8212; Body Language Project.com\" src=\"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/articles\/can-fake-real-smile-practice\/embed\/#?secret=d0XSFYM2pS#?secret=8N51WIhQGV\" data-secret=\"8N51WIhQGV\" width=\"593\" height=\"334\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>Krumhuber, Eva; Antony S. R.; Manstead; and Arvid Kappas. Temporal Aspects of Facial Displays in Person and Expression Perception: The Effects of Smile Dynamics, Head-tilt, and Gender. Journal Nonverbal Behavior. 2007; 31: 39-56.<br \/>\nDOI 10.1007\/s10919-006-0019-x<\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"Ua8UFmqAPD\"><p><a href=\"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/articles\/head-tilt-and-slow-onset-smile-nonverbals-trust-attraction-dominance-and-flirting-a-brief-report\/\">Head Tilt And Slow Onset Smile Nonverbals \u2013 Trust, Attraction, Dominance, and Flirting A Brief Report<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; visibility: hidden;\" title=\"&#8220;Head Tilt And Slow Onset Smile Nonverbals \u2013 Trust, Attraction, Dominance, and Flirting A Brief Report&#8221; &#8212; Body Language Project.com\" src=\"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/articles\/head-tilt-and-slow-onset-smile-nonverbals-trust-attraction-dominance-and-flirting-a-brief-report\/embed\/#?secret=SvrG5jt4ZM#?secret=Ua8UFmqAPD\" data-secret=\"Ua8UFmqAPD\" width=\"593\" height=\"334\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>Labroo, Aparna A.; Anirban Mukhopadhyay; Ping Dong. Not Always the Best Medicine: Why Frequent Smiling Can Reduce Wellbeing. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology. 2014. 53:156-162.<\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"DSgC7VARFZ\"><p><a href=\"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/articles\/why-too-much-smiling-can-be-bad-for-you\/\">Why Too Much Smiling Can Be Bad For You<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; visibility: hidden;\" title=\"&#8220;Why Too Much Smiling Can Be Bad For You&#8221; &#8212; Body Language Project.com\" src=\"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/articles\/why-too-much-smiling-can-be-bad-for-you\/embed\/#?secret=KKS86lRCRJ#?secret=DSgC7VARFZ\" data-secret=\"DSgC7VARFZ\" width=\"593\" height=\"334\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>Lockard, J. S., McVittie, R. I., &#038; Isaac, L. M. (1977). Functional Significance Of The Affiliative Smile. Bulletin of the Psychonomic Society, 9, 367-370.<\/p>\n<p>McClure, Erin B  2000. A meta-analytic review of sex differences in facial expression processing and their development in infants, children, and adolescents<br \/>\nPsychological Bulletin. 126(3): 424-453.<\/p>\n<p>Mead, M. 1975. Review of &#8220;Darwin and facial expression.&#8221; Journal of Communication, 25: 209-213.<\/p>\n<p>Okubo, Matia; Akihiro, Kobayashi and Kenta Ishikawa. A Fake Smile Thwarts Cheater Detection. Journal of Nonverbal Behaviour. 2012. 36:217\u2013225. DOI 10.1007\/s10919-012-0134-9<\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"Z9ICbwgyQl\"><p><a href=\"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/articles\/fake-till-make-cheaters-fake-smile-make-lies-difficult-detect\/\">Fake It \u2018Till You Make It \u2013 Cheaters Fake Smile Make Lies More Difficult to Detect<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; visibility: hidden;\" title=\"&#8220;Fake It \u2018Till You Make It \u2013 Cheaters Fake Smile Make Lies More Difficult to Detect&#8221; &#8212; Body Language Project.com\" src=\"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/articles\/fake-till-make-cheaters-fake-smile-make-lies-difficult-detect\/embed\/#?secret=k3UOddlyRO#?secret=Z9ICbwgyQl\" data-secret=\"Z9ICbwgyQl\" width=\"593\" height=\"334\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>Russell, James A. 1995. Facial Expressions of Emotion: What Lies Beyond Minimal Universality?  Psychological bulletin. 118(3): 379-391.<\/p>\n<p>Russell, James A. 1994. Is There Universal Recognition of Emotion From Facial Expression? A Review of the Cross-Cultural Studies. Psychological Bulletin. 115(1): 102-141.<\/p>\n<p>Reed, Lawrence Ian; Katharine N. Zeglen and Karen L. Schmidt. Facial Expressions as Honest Signals of Cooperative Intent in a One-Shot Anonymous Prisoner\u2019s Dilemma Game. Evolution and Human Behavior. 2012. 33: 200-209.<\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"UYYwxXzANV\"><p><a href=\"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/articles\/facial-expressions-honest-signals-smiling-contempt-predict-cooperation-defection\/\">Facial Expressions As Honest Signals \u2013 How Smiling and Contempt Predict Cooperation and Defection<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; visibility: hidden;\" title=\"&#8220;Facial Expressions As Honest Signals \u2013 How Smiling and Contempt Predict Cooperation and Defection&#8221; &#8212; Body Language Project.com\" src=\"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/articles\/facial-expressions-honest-signals-smiling-contempt-predict-cooperation-defection\/embed\/#?secret=uyZsCYpOYY#?secret=UYYwxXzANV\" data-secret=\"UYYwxXzANV\" width=\"593\" height=\"334\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>Reissland, Nadja; Brian Francis, James Mason, Karen Lincoln. Do Facial Expressions Develop before Birth? August 2011. 6(8): e24081. doi:10.1371\/journal.pone.0024081.g001<\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"7qc3MFneit\"><p><a href=\"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/articles\/the-cry-and-laugh-face-in-the-human-fetus\/\">The Cry and Laugh Face In The Human Fetus<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; visibility: hidden;\" title=\"&#8220;The Cry and Laugh Face In The Human Fetus&#8221; &#8212; Body Language Project.com\" src=\"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/articles\/the-cry-and-laugh-face-in-the-human-fetus\/embed\/#?secret=yupRY5qPky#?secret=7qc3MFneit\" data-secret=\"7qc3MFneit\" width=\"593\" height=\"334\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>Samuele Centorrino, Elodie Djemai, Astrid Hopfensitz, Manfred Milinski, Paul Seabright. Honest Signaling in Trust Interactions: Smiles Rated as Genuine Induce Trust and Signal Higher Earning Opportunities. Evolution and Human Behavior DOI:<br \/>\ndx.doi.org\/10.1016\/j.evolhumbehav.2014.08.001.<\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"SC46CHplpG\"><p><a href=\"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/articles\/smile-great-gain-smiling-key-negotiation\/\">Smile For Great Gain \u2013 How Smiling Is Key In Negotiation<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; visibility: hidden;\" title=\"&#8220;Smile For Great Gain \u2013 How Smiling Is Key In Negotiation&#8221; &#8212; Body Language Project.com\" src=\"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/articles\/smile-great-gain-smiling-key-negotiation\/embed\/#?secret=BANTJgdSEc#?secret=SC46CHplpG\" data-secret=\"SC46CHplpG\" width=\"593\" height=\"334\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>Tidd, K., &#038; Lockard, J. (1978). Monetary Significance Of The Affiliative Smile: A Case For Reciprocal Altruism. Bulletin of the Psychonomic Society, 11, 344-346.<\/p>\n<p>Vazire, S., Naumann, L.P., Rentfrow, P. J., and Gosling, S. D. (2009). Smiling reflects different emotions in men and women. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 32:5, 403\u2013405.<\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"upBMDcZuV8\"><p><a href=\"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/articles\/smiling-reflects-different-emotions-men-women\/\">Smiling Reflects Different Emotions in Men and Women<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; visibility: hidden;\" title=\"&#8220;Smiling Reflects Different Emotions in Men and Women&#8221; &#8212; Body Language Project.com\" src=\"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/articles\/smiling-reflects-different-emotions-men-women\/embed\/#?secret=Jky76MMooC#?secret=upBMDcZuV8\" data-secret=\"upBMDcZuV8\" width=\"593\" height=\"334\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>Vigil, J. M. (2009). A socio-relational framework of sex differences in the expression of emotion. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 32, 375\u2013428.<\/p>\n<p>Walsh, D. G., &#038; Hewitt, J. (1985). Giving Men The Come-On: Effect Of Eye Contact And Smiling In A Bar Environment. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 61, 873-874.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Body Language of Fear Smile or Stress Smile Cue: Fear Smile Synonym(s): Stress Smile, Fear Grin. Description: A smile where the lips are stretched to form a rectangular shape. These muscles sometimes pull the corners of the mouth upwards slightly&hellip;<\/p>\n<p class=\"more-link-p\"><a class=\"more-link\" href=\"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/nonverbal-dictionary\/body-language-of-fear-smile-or-stress-smile\/\">Read more &rarr;<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[182,79,60,162,93,55,107,54,57,98],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-497","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-no-photo","category-appease","category-closed","category-conflicting-gestures","category-emotional-body-language","category-fearful-body-language","category-masked-emotions","category-negative-body-language","category-stressful-body-language","category-submissive-body-language"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/nonverbal-dictionary\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/497","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/nonverbal-dictionary\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/nonverbal-dictionary\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/nonverbal-dictionary\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/nonverbal-dictionary\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=497"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/nonverbal-dictionary\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/497\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2420,"href":"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/nonverbal-dictionary\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/497\/revisions\/2420"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/nonverbal-dictionary\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=497"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/nonverbal-dictionary\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=497"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/nonverbal-dictionary\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=497"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}