{"id":468,"date":"2014-10-21T15:17:16","date_gmt":"2014-10-21T15:17:16","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/nonverbal-dictionary\/?p=468"},"modified":"2015-06-04T18:23:23","modified_gmt":"2015-06-04T18:23:23","slug":"body-language-of-eyebrow-raise","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/nonverbal-dictionary\/body-language-of-eyebrow-raise\/","title":{"rendered":"Body Language of Eyebrow Raise"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Body Language of Eyebrow Raise<\/p>\n<p><strong><a href=\"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/nonverbal-dictionary\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/10\/No-pic.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright size-full wp-image-1286\" alt=\"No pic\" src=\"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/nonverbal-dictionary\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/10\/No-pic.jpg\" width=\"500\" height=\"750\" srcset=\"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/nonverbal-dictionary\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/10\/No-pic.jpg 500w, http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/nonverbal-dictionary\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/10\/No-pic-200x300.jpg 200w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/><\/a>Cue<\/strong>: Eyebrow Raise<\/p>\n<p><strong>Synonym(s)<\/strong>: Raising The Eyebrows, Lifting The Eyebrows.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Description<\/strong>: Raising both eyebrows in unison.<\/p>\n<p><strong>In One Sentence<\/strong>: When the eyebrows rise in unison it signals excitement and surprise.<\/p>\n<p><strong>How To Use it<\/strong>: Raise your eyebrows when you want to tell other people that you find what they have said, or what you have said, surprising, shocking or exciting. A more expressive face helps people connect with you more easily as it helps build your personality. Women usually have a far easier time with these sorts of facial expressions, but men can also benefit especially when they are trying to connect with other women and children.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Context<\/strong>: General.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Verbal Translation<\/strong>: \u201cMy eyebrows are bopping up and down in unison with my speech to emphasis points and produce emotion and expression.\u201d<\/p>\n<p><strong>Variant<\/strong>: See <a href=\"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/nonverbal-dictionary\/body-language-of-the-eyebrow-cock\/\" target=\"_blank\">Eyebrow Cock<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/nonverbal-dictionary\/body-language-of-eyebrow-lowering\/\" target=\"_blank\">Eyebrow Hold<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/nonverbal-dictionary\/body-language-of-eyebrow-lowering\/\" target=\"_blank\">Eyebrow Lowering<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/nonverbal-dictionary\/body-language-of-the-eyebrow-flash\/\" target=\"_blank\">Eyebrow Flash<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/nonverbal-dictionary\/body-language-of-eyebrows-knit-or-oblique-eyebrows-of-grief\/\" target=\"_blank\">Eyebrows Knit or Oblique Eyebrows Of Grief<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Cue In Action<\/strong>: The news reporter raised her eyebrows as she punctuated each news item to show emphasis.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Meaning and\/or Motivation<\/strong>: Eyebrows that rise are an indication of excitement. When we speak, we show our enthusiasm more frequently than a full surprise or fear expression, which also has the raises the eyebrows. If you watch closely, you will see a person\u2019s eyebrows rise several times as they deliver their story. It is more common in woman than men.<\/p>\n<p>Eyebrows can also rise to show agreement or to emphasize and punctuate points in speech. The eyebrows frequently rise at the end of questions, as if asking others to clarify. Where eyebrows lower, it signifies dominance, whereas eyebrows raised signals a mild submission and an open facial expression. When one eyebrow rises, the eye cock, it shows suspicion.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Cue Cluster<\/strong>: When eyebrows rise, the eyes also tend to pop open as well. This cue cluster seeks to improve vision, often accompanying surprise.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Body Language Category<\/strong>: Amplifier, Eye Language, Microexpressions, Open facial gestures, Submissive body language, Surprised body language.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Resources: <\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Aviezer, Hillel; Ran R. Hassin; Jennifer Ryan; Cheryl Grady; Josh Susskind; Adam Anderson; Morris Moscovitch and Shlomo Bentin. Angry, Disgusted, or Afraid? Studies on the Malleability of Emotion Perception. Psychological Science. 2008. 19(7): 724-732.<\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"s499cpz0Bz\"><p><a href=\"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/articles\/emotions-read-context-study\/\">Emotions Are Read In Context, Study<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; visibility: hidden;\" title=\"&#8220;Emotions Are Read In Context, Study&#8221; &#8212; Body Language Project.com\" src=\"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/articles\/emotions-read-context-study\/embed\/#?secret=joLuUYOloZ#?secret=s499cpz0Bz\" data-secret=\"s499cpz0Bz\" width=\"593\" height=\"334\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>App, Betsy; Catherine L. Reed and Daniel N. McIntosh. Relative Contributions Of Face And Body Configurations: Perceiving Emotional State And Motion Intention. Cognition and Emotion. 2012. 26(4): 690-698.<\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"w1SAasUhfj\"><p><a href=\"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/articles\/facial-expressions-versus-bodily-expressions-nonverbal-communication\/\">Facial Expressions Versus Bodily Expressions in Nonverbal Communication<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; visibility: hidden;\" title=\"&#8220;Facial Expressions Versus Bodily Expressions in Nonverbal Communication&#8221; &#8212; Body Language Project.com\" src=\"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/articles\/facial-expressions-versus-bodily-expressions-nonverbal-communication\/embed\/#?secret=brK6XZQUyj#?secret=w1SAasUhfj\" data-secret=\"w1SAasUhfj\" width=\"593\" height=\"334\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>Aaron, Sell; Cosmides, Leda and Tooby, John. The Human Anger Face Evolved to Enhance Cues of Strength. Evolution and Human Behavior. 2014. 35(5): 425-429.<\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"AX9YrMi7vy\"><p><a href=\"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/articles\/the-universal-anger-face\/\">The Universal Anger Face<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; visibility: hidden;\" title=\"&#8220;The Universal Anger Face&#8221; &#8212; Body Language Project.com\" src=\"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/articles\/the-universal-anger-face\/embed\/#?secret=mJ00USecDi#?secret=AX9YrMi7vy\" data-secret=\"AX9YrMi7vy\" width=\"593\" height=\"334\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>Ben-Zeev, Avi; Tara C. Dennehy; Rachel Sackman; Andres Olide and Christopher C. Berger. Flirting With Threat: Social Identity and the Perils of the Female Communality Prescription. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology. 2011. 47: 1308-1311.<\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"VSkADRM41C\"><p><a href=\"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/articles\/flirting-with-danger-women-flirt-to-avoid-conflict\/\">Flirting With Danger \u2013 Women Flirt To Avoid Conflict<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; visibility: hidden;\" title=\"&#8220;Flirting With Danger \u2013 Women Flirt To Avoid Conflict&#8221; &#8212; Body Language Project.com\" src=\"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/articles\/flirting-with-danger-women-flirt-to-avoid-conflict\/embed\/#?secret=hHqWGobFSa#?secret=VSkADRM41C\" data-secret=\"VSkADRM41C\" width=\"593\" height=\"334\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>Bard, K. A. (2003). Development of emotional expressions in chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes). In P. Ekman, J. Campos, R. J. Davidson &#038; F. B. M. De Waal (Eds.), Emotions inside out: 130 years after Darwin\u2019s The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals (Vol. 1000, pp. 88-90). New York: Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences.<\/p>\n<p>Baron, R. M., &#038; Kenny, D. A. (1986). The moderator-mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: Conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51(6), 1173-1882.<\/p>\n<p>Biehl, M., Matsumoto, D., Ekman, P., Hearn, V., Heider, K., Kudoh, T., et al. (1997). Matsumoto and Ekman\u2019s Japanese and Caucasian Facial Expressions of Emotion (JACFEE): Reliability Data and Cross-National Differences. Journal of Nonverbal Behavior, 21, 3-21.<\/p>\n<p>Carroll E. 1994. Innate and universal facial expressions: Evidence from developmental and cross-cultural research Izard, Psychological Bulletin. 115(2): 288-299.<\/p>\n<p>Daniel H. Lee, Reza Mirza, John G. Flanagan and Adam K. Anderson. Optical Origins of Opposing Facial Expression Actions. Psychological Science published online 24 January 2014 DOI: 10.1177\/0956797613514451<\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"xUTgxLBVjV\"><p><a href=\"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/articles\/eyes-and-facial-expressions-may-be-biologically-controlled-serve-a-real-non-emotional-purpose-says-research\/\">Eyes And Facial Expressions May Be Biologically Controlled  \u2013 Serve A Real Non-Emotional Purpose, Says Research.<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; visibility: hidden;\" title=\"&#8220;Eyes And Facial Expressions May Be Biologically Controlled  \u2013 Serve A Real Non-Emotional Purpose, Says Research.&#8221; &#8212; Body Language Project.com\" src=\"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/articles\/eyes-and-facial-expressions-may-be-biologically-controlled-serve-a-real-non-emotional-purpose-says-research\/embed\/#?secret=aZcEehJnPN#?secret=xUTgxLBVjV\" data-secret=\"xUTgxLBVjV\" width=\"593\" height=\"334\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>de Waal, F. B. M. (2003). Darwin\u2019s legacy and the study of primate visual communication. In P. Ekman, J. Campos, R. J. Davidson &#038; F. B. M. De Waal (Eds.), Emotions inside out: 130 years after Darwin\u2019s The Expression of Emotion in Man and Animals (pp. 7-31). New York: New York Academy of Sciences.<\/p>\n<p>Duan, Xujun ; Dai, Qian ; Gong, Qiyong ; Chen, Huafu. Neural mechanism of unconscious perception of surprised facial expression. NeuroImage. 2010. 52(1): 401-407.<\/p>\n<p>e Charlesworth, W. R. (1964). Instigation and maintenance of curiosity behavior as a function of surprise versus novel and familiar stimuli. Child Development, 35, 1169\u20131186.<\/p>\n<p>Ekman, P. &#038; O&#8217;Sullivan, M. (1991). Who can catch a liar? American Psychologist. 46, 913-920. <\/p>\n<p>Ekman, P., Friesen, W. V., O\u2019Sullivan, M., Chan, A., Diacoyanni-Tarlatzis, I., Heider, K., et al. (1987). Universals and cultural differences in the judgments of facial expressions of emotion. Journal of Personality &#038; Social Psychology, 53(4), 712-717.<\/p>\n<p>Ekman, P., Levenson, R. W., &#038; Friesen, W. V. (1983). Autonomic nervous system activity distinguishes among emotions. Science, 221(4616), 1208-1210.<\/p>\n<p>Ekman, P., O\u2019Sullivan, M., &#038; Matsumoto, D. (1991a). Confusions about context in the judgment of facial expression: A reply to \u201cThe contempt expression and the relativity thesis.\u201d. Motivation &#038; Emotion, 15(2), 169-176.<\/p>\n<p>Ekman, P., O\u2019Sullivan, M., &#038; Matsumoto, D. (1991b). Contradictions in the study of contempt: What\u2019s it all about? Reply to Russell. Motivation &#038; Emotion, 15(4), 293-296.<\/p>\n<p>Elfenbein, H. A., &#038; Ambady, N. (2002). On the universality and cultural specificity of<br \/>\nemotion recognition: A meta-analysis. Psychological Bulletin, 128(2), 205-235.<\/p>\n<p>Ekman, Paul. 1994. Strong evidence for universals in facial expressions: A reply to Russell&#8217;s mistaken critique Psychological Bulletin. 115(2): 268-287.<\/p>\n<p>Ekman, Paul. 1986. A new pan-cultural facial expression of emotion. Source: Motivation and Emotion Ekman. 10(2): 159-168. <\/p>\n<p>Ekman, Paul and Friesen, W. V. 1987. Universals and cultural differences in the judgments of facial expressions of emotion. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 53(4): 712-717.<\/p>\n<p>Ekman, Paul; Friesen, Wallace V. 1971. Constants across cultures in the face and emotion. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 17(2): 124-129.<\/p>\n<p>Ekman, Paul. 1972. Universals and cultural differences in facial expressions of emotion. In J. Cole (Ed.), Nebraska Symposium on Motivation, 1971. 19: 207-282. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press.<\/p>\n<p>Fulcher, J. S. \u201cVoluntary\u201d facial expression in blind and seeing children. Archives of Psychology, 1942. 38: 272.<\/p>\n<p>Friesen, W. V. 1972. Cultural differences in facial expressions in a social situation: An experimental test of the concept of display rules. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of California, San Francisco.<\/p>\n<p>Grezes, Julie; Le\u00b4onor Philip; Michele Chadwick; Guillaume Dezecache; Robert Soussignan and Laurence Conty. Self-Relevance Appraisal Influences Facial Reactions to Emotional Body Expressions. PLoS ONE. 2013. 8(2): e55885. doi:10.1371\/journal.pone.0055885<\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"WxuhlNdcaD\"><p><a href=\"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/articles\/face-reacts-body-anger-brains-wired-process-emotional-body-language\/\">Your Face Reacts To Body Anger \u2013 How Our Brains Are Wired To Process Emotional Body Language<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; visibility: hidden;\" title=\"&#8220;Your Face Reacts To Body Anger \u2013 How Our Brains Are Wired To Process Emotional Body Language&#8221; &#8212; Body Language Project.com\" src=\"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/articles\/face-reacts-body-anger-brains-wired-process-emotional-body-language\/embed\/#?secret=S6UnNgFkVu#?secret=WxuhlNdcaD\" data-secret=\"WxuhlNdcaD\" width=\"593\" height=\"334\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>Hall, Judith ; LeBeau, Lavonia ; Reinoso, Jeannette ; Thayer, Frank.  Status, Gender, and Nonverbal Behavior in Candid and Posed Photographs: A Study of Conversations Between University Employees. Sex Roles. 2001 44(11): 677-692.<\/p>\n<p>Hatz, Jessica L. and Martin J. Bourgeois. Anger as a Cue to Truthfulness. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology. 2010. 46: 680-683.<\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"NWcGKTwVbm\"><p><a href=\"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/articles\/anger-nonverbal-cue-truth-telling\/\">Anger As A Nonverbal Cue To Truth Telling<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; visibility: hidden;\" title=\"&#8220;Anger As A Nonverbal Cue To Truth Telling&#8221; &#8212; Body Language Project.com\" src=\"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/articles\/anger-nonverbal-cue-truth-telling\/embed\/#?secret=qRvGnFXvKi#?secret=NWcGKTwVbm\" data-secret=\"NWcGKTwVbm\" width=\"593\" height=\"334\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>Hareli, Shlomo; Noga Shomrat and Ursula Hess. Emotional Versus Neutral Expressions and Perceptions of Social Dominance and Submissiveness. Emotion. 2009 9(3): 378-384. DOI: 10.1037\/a0015958<\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"UIXLTRwZAo\"><p><a href=\"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/articles\/dominance-expression-conveyed-different-facial-expressions-men-women\/\">Dominance Expression Conveyed By Different Facial Expressions In Men And Women<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; visibility: hidden;\" title=\"&#8220;Dominance Expression Conveyed By Different Facial Expressions In Men And Women&#8221; &#8212; Body Language Project.com\" src=\"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/articles\/dominance-expression-conveyed-different-facial-expressions-men-women\/embed\/#?secret=aNv9Lie4Jv#?secret=UIXLTRwZAo\" data-secret=\"UIXLTRwZAo\" width=\"593\" height=\"334\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>James A. Russell, Naoto Suzuki and Noriko Ishida. 1993. Canadian, Greek, and Japanese freely produced emotion labels for facial expressions. Motivation and Emotion. 17(4): 337 -351<\/p>\n<p>Kret, Mariska Esther and Beatrice de Gelder. Social Context Influences Recognition of Bodily Expressions. Exp Brain Res. 2010. 203:169-180. DOI 10.1007\/s00221-010-2220-8<\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"I7V7lOLaK9\"><p><a href=\"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/articles\/context-matters-judging-body-language\/\">Context Matters When Judging Body Language<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; visibility: hidden;\" title=\"&#8220;Context Matters When Judging Body Language&#8221; &#8212; Body Language Project.com\" src=\"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/articles\/context-matters-judging-body-language\/embed\/#?secret=g5ooyyL0r2#?secret=I7V7lOLaK9\" data-secret=\"I7V7lOLaK9\" width=\"593\" height=\"334\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>Levenson, R. W., Ekman, P., &#038; Friesen, W. V. (1990). Voluntary facial action generates emotion-specific autonomic nervous system activity. 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Cognition And Emotion. 2013; 27 (8): 1513-1521.<\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"VwBFo5Rx5r\"><p><a href=\"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/articles\/avoid-anger-sunny-days\/\">How To Avoid Anger On Sunny Days<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; visibility: hidden;\" title=\"&#8220;How To Avoid Anger On Sunny Days&#8221; &#8212; Body Language Project.com\" src=\"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/articles\/avoid-anger-sunny-days\/embed\/#?secret=gBtBs0WREm#?secret=VwBFo5Rx5r\" data-secret=\"VwBFo5Rx5r\" width=\"593\" height=\"334\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>Mondloch, Catherine J.; Nicole L. Nelson and Matthew Horner. Asymmetries of Influence: Differential Effects of Body Postures on Perceptions of Emotional Facial Expressions. PLOS one. September 2013. 8(9): e73605.<\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"cOVECnEsvW\"><p><a href=\"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/articles\/facial-expressions-versus-bodily-expressions-nonverbal-communication-2\/\">Facial Expressions Versus Bodily Expressions In Nonverbal Communication<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; visibility: hidden;\" title=\"&#8220;Facial Expressions Versus Bodily Expressions In Nonverbal Communication&#8221; &#8212; Body Language Project.com\" src=\"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/articles\/facial-expressions-versus-bodily-expressions-nonverbal-communication-2\/embed\/#?secret=mtHaTQBGyP#?secret=cOVECnEsvW\" data-secret=\"cOVECnEsvW\" width=\"593\" height=\"334\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>McClure, Erin B  2000. 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Motivation &#038; Emotion, 13(2), 143-157.<\/p>\n<p>Matsumoto, D., Keltner, D., Shiota, M. N., Frank, M. G., &#038; O\u2019Sullivan, M. (2008). What\u2019s in a face? Facial expressions as signals of discrete emotions. In M. Lewis, J. M. Haviland &#038; L. Feldman Barrett (Eds.), Handbook of emotions (pp. 211-234). New York: Guilford Press.<\/p>\n<p>Matsumoto, D., &#038; Willingham, B. (2009). Spontaneous Facial Expressions of Emotion of Congenitally and Non-Congenitally Blind Individuals. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 96(1), 1-10.<\/p>\n<p>Mesquita, B., &#038; Frijda, N. H. (1992). Cultural variations in emotions: A review. Psychological Bulletin, 112, 197-204.<\/p>\n<p>Morris, Desmond (1994). Bodytalk: The Meaning of Human Gestures (New York: Crown Publishers).<\/p>\n<p>Nao, Misako Sawada and Motonobu Ishii. Development of the Movements Impressions Emotions Model: Evaluation of Movements and Impressions Related to the Perception of Emotions in Dance. Journal of Nonverbal Behavior. 2013. 37:107-121.<br \/>\nDOI 10.1007\/s10919-013-0148-y<\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"HtP6aKqFds\"><p><a href=\"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/articles\/convey-emotion-nonverbally-dance-study\/\">How To Convey Emotion Nonverbally Through Dance, A Study<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; visibility: hidden;\" title=\"&#8220;How To Convey Emotion Nonverbally Through Dance, A Study&#8221; &#8212; Body Language Project.com\" src=\"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/articles\/convey-emotion-nonverbally-dance-study\/embed\/#?secret=fepG8sazqQ#?secret=HtP6aKqFds\" data-secret=\"HtP6aKqFds\" width=\"593\" height=\"334\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>Parzuchowski, Michal ; Szymkow-Sudziarska, Aleksandra. Well, slap my thigh: expression of surprise facilitates memory of surprising material. Emotion. 2008. 8(3): 430-4.<\/p>\n<p>Peleg, G., Katzir, G., Peleg, O., Kamara, M., Brodsky, L., Hel-Or, H., et al. (2006). Heriditary family signature of facial expression. Proceedings from the National Academy of Sciences, 103(43), 15921-15926.<\/p>\n<p>Russell, James A. 1995. Facial Expressions of Emotion: What Lies Beyond Minimal Universality?  Psychological bulletin. 118(3): 379-391.<\/p>\n<p>Russell, James A. 1994. Is There Universal Recognition of Emotion From Facial Expression? A Review of the Cross-Cultural Studies. Psychological Bulletin. 115(1): 102-141.<\/p>\n<p>Reed, Lawrence, Ian; Peter DeScioli and Steven A. Pinker. The Commitment Function of Angry Facial Expressions. Psychological Science. 2014 DOI: 10.1177\/0956797614531027<\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"IEeBRmFvgz\"><p><a href=\"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/articles\/anger-facial-expression-gets-people-to-do-what-you-want\/\">Anger Facial Expression Gets People To Do What You Want<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; visibility: hidden;\" title=\"&#8220;Anger Facial Expression Gets People To Do What You Want&#8221; &#8212; Body Language Project.com\" src=\"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/articles\/anger-facial-expression-gets-people-to-do-what-you-want\/embed\/#?secret=80vh7wvTGZ#?secret=IEeBRmFvgz\" data-secret=\"IEeBRmFvgz\" width=\"593\" height=\"334\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>Reisenzein, R. (2000). Exploring the strength of association between the components of emotion syndromes: the case of surprise. Cognition and Emotion, 14, 1\u201338.<\/p>\n<p>Reisenzein, R., B\u00f6rdgen, S., Holtbernd, T., &#038; Matz, D. (2006). Evidence for strong dissociation between emotion and facial displays: the case of surprise. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 91, 295\u2013315.<\/p>\n<p>Reisenzein, R., &#038; Studtmann, M. (2007). On the expression and experience of surprise: no evidence for facial feedback, but evidence for a reverse self-inference effect. Emotion, 7, 612\u2013627.<\/p>\n<p>Scherer, K. R., Zentner, M. R., &#038; Stern, D. (2004). Beyond surprise: the puzzle of infants\u2019 expressive reactions to expectancy violation. Emotion, 4, 389\u2013402.<\/p>\n<p>Sch\u00fctzwohl, Achim ; Reisenzein, Rainer. Facial expressions in response to a highly surprising event exceeding the field of vision: a test of Darwin&#8217;s theory of surprise. Evolution and Human Behavior. 2012. 33(6): 657-664.<\/p>\n<p>Stienen, Bernard M. C.; Akihiro Tanaka and Beatrice de Gelder. Emotional Voice and Emotional Body Postures Influence Each Other Independently of Visual Awareness. PLoS ONE. 2011. 6(10): e25517. doi:10.1371\/journal.pone.0025517.<\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"2NxqycLIcs\"><p><a href=\"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/articles\/body-language-read-quickly-subconsciously-study\/\">Body Language Is Read Quickly And Subconsciously, Study<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; visibility: hidden;\" title=\"&#8220;Body Language Is Read Quickly And Subconsciously, Study&#8221; &#8212; Body Language Project.com\" src=\"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/articles\/body-language-read-quickly-subconsciously-study\/embed\/#?secret=OYcYloexLW#?secret=2NxqycLIcs\" data-secret=\"2NxqycLIcs\" width=\"593\" height=\"334\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>Sinke, C.B, Sorger, B, Goebel, R, and de Gelder, B. Tease or Threat? Judging Social Interactions From Bodily Expressions. Neuroimage. A Journal of Brain Function. 2009. 49:1717-1727. doi: 10.1016\/j.neuroimage.<\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"ec2BiQveOc\"><p><a href=\"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/articles\/friend-foe-let-body-language-decide\/\">Friend or Foe? Let Body Language Decide<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; visibility: hidden;\" title=\"&#8220;Friend or Foe? Let Body Language Decide&#8221; &#8212; Body Language Project.com\" src=\"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/articles\/friend-foe-let-body-language-decide\/embed\/#?secret=dQtoMHYDKD#?secret=ec2BiQveOc\" data-secret=\"ec2BiQveOc\" width=\"593\" height=\"334\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>Schubert, Thomas W. The Power In Your Hand: Gender Differences In Bodily Feedback<br \/>\nFrom Making a Fist. Society for Personality and Social Psychology. 2004. 30(6): 757-769. DOI: 10.1177\/0146167204263780<\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"X24QAZKBeR\"><p><a href=\"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/articles\/men-view-power-body-language-different-women-bodily-feedback-making-fist\/\">Men View Power Body Language Different Than Women \u2013 Bodily Feedback Of Making A Fist<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; visibility: hidden;\" title=\"&#8220;Men View Power Body Language Different Than Women \u2013 Bodily Feedback Of Making A Fist&#8221; &#8212; Body Language Project.com\" src=\"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/articles\/men-view-power-body-language-different-women-bodily-feedback-making-fist\/embed\/#?secret=oQCxTrIjhj#?secret=X24QAZKBeR\" data-secret=\"X24QAZKBeR\" width=\"593\" height=\"334\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>Susskind, Joshua M and Adam K Anderson. Facial Expression Form and Function. Communicative Integrative Biology. 2008. 1(2): 148\u2013149. PMCID: PMC2686004<\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"sEuHcEfL1D\"><p><a href=\"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/articles\/emotional-facial-expressions-evolve\/\">How Did Emotional Facial Expressions Evolve?<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; visibility: hidden;\" title=\"&#8220;How Did Emotional Facial Expressions Evolve?&#8221; &#8212; Body Language Project.com\" src=\"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/articles\/emotional-facial-expressions-evolve\/embed\/#?secret=5cb6apuO2H#?secret=sEuHcEfL1D\" data-secret=\"sEuHcEfL1D\" width=\"593\" height=\"334\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>Sell, A., Cosmides, L. and Tooby, J., The Human Anger Face Evolved to Enhance Cues of Strength. Evolution and Human Behavior. 2014, doi: 10.1016\/j.evolhumbehav.2014.05.008<\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"t0DYV5iS8J\"><p><a href=\"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/articles\/human-anger-face-signal-strength\/\">Human Anger Face Signal Of Strength<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; visibility: hidden;\" title=\"&#8220;Human Anger Face Signal Of Strength&#8221; &#8212; Body Language Project.com\" src=\"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/articles\/human-anger-face-signal-strength\/embed\/#?secret=5PNvzrPSTh#?secret=t0DYV5iS8J\" data-secret=\"t0DYV5iS8J\" width=\"593\" height=\"334\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>Teixeira Fiquer, Juliana; Paulo S\u00e9rgio Boggio and Clarice Gorenstein. Talking Bodies: Nonverbal Behavior in the Assessment of Depression Severity. Journal of Affective Disorders. 2013. 150: 1114-1119.<\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"N8S18YzmeU\"><p><a href=\"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/articles\/using-nonverbal-behaviour-to-assess-depression-severity\/\">Using Nonverbal Behaviour To Assess Depression Severity<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; visibility: hidden;\" title=\"&#8220;Using Nonverbal Behaviour To Assess Depression Severity&#8221; &#8212; Body Language Project.com\" src=\"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/articles\/using-nonverbal-behaviour-to-assess-depression-severity\/embed\/#?secret=jH5HJlyh0G#?secret=N8S18YzmeU\" data-secret=\"N8S18YzmeU\" width=\"593\" height=\"334\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>Thompson, Erin H. and James A. Hampton. The Effect of Relationship Status on Communicating Emotions Through Touch,. Cognition and Emotion. 2011. 25(2): 295-306. DOI: 10.1080\/02699931.2010.492957.<\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"jxkovqBMYk\"><p><a href=\"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/articles\/using-touch-convey-emotion\/\">Using Touch To Convey Emotion<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; visibility: hidden;\" title=\"&#8220;Using Touch To Convey Emotion&#8221; &#8212; Body Language Project.com\" src=\"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/articles\/using-touch-convey-emotion\/embed\/#?secret=FntKLTX2Iw#?secret=jxkovqBMYk\" data-secret=\"jxkovqBMYk\" width=\"593\" height=\"334\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>Wilkowski, Benjamin M. and Brian P. Meier. Bring It On: Angry Facial Expressions Potentiate Approach-Motivated Motor Behavior. 2010. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 98(2): 201-210.<\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"2Ou7gDzWma\"><p><a href=\"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/articles\/anger-facial-expression-elicits-approach-not-avoidance-study\/\">Anger Facial Expression Elicits Approach Not Avoidance, Study<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; visibility: hidden;\" title=\"&#8220;Anger Facial Expression Elicits Approach Not Avoidance, Study&#8221; &#8212; Body Language Project.com\" src=\"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/articles\/anger-facial-expression-elicits-approach-not-avoidance-study\/embed\/#?secret=MdLkJl0K2z#?secret=2Ou7gDzWma\" data-secret=\"2Ou7gDzWma\" width=\"593\" height=\"334\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>Zieber, Nicole; Ashley Kangas; Alyson Hock; and Ramesh S. Bhatt. Infants\u2019 Perception of Emotion From Body Movements. Child Development. 2014. 85(2): 675-684.<\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"4xsXlese16\"><p><a href=\"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/articles\/careful-infants-perceptive-reading-body-language\/\">Be Careful! Infants Perceptive At Reading Body Language<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; visibility: hidden;\" title=\"&#8220;Be Careful! Infants Perceptive At Reading Body Language&#8221; &#8212; Body Language Project.com\" src=\"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/articles\/careful-infants-perceptive-reading-body-language\/embed\/#?secret=vPPC5A8yRE#?secret=4xsXlese16\" data-secret=\"4xsXlese16\" width=\"593\" height=\"334\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>Zhao, Ke; Wen-Jing Yan; Yu-Hsin Chen; Xi-Nian Zuo and Xiaolan Fu. Amygdala Volume Predicts Inter-Individual Differences in Fearful Face Recognition. PLOS one. August 2013. (8): 8: e74096. doi:10.1371\/journal.pone.0074096.g001<\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"mVrhh1U2CB\"><p><a href=\"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/articles\/fear-amygdala\/\">Fear &#8211; It\u2019s In Your Amygdala<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; visibility: hidden;\" title=\"&#8220;Fear &#8211; It\u2019s In Your Amygdala&#8221; &#8212; Body Language Project.com\" src=\"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/articles\/fear-amygdala\/embed\/#?secret=fzOdga4Mo9#?secret=mVrhh1U2CB\" data-secret=\"mVrhh1U2CB\" width=\"593\" height=\"334\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>Vrticka, Pascal ; Lordier, Lara ; Bediou, Beno\u00eet ; Sander, David Desteno, David (editor). Human Amygdala Response to Dynamic Facial Expressions of Positive and Negative Surprise. Emotion. 2014. 14(1): 161-169.<\/p>\n<p>Vanhamme, J. (2000). The link between surprise and satisfaction: an exploratory research on how to best measure surprise. Journal of Marketing Management, 16, 565\u2013582.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Body Language of Eyebrow Raise Cue: Eyebrow Raise Synonym(s): Raising The Eyebrows, Lifting The Eyebrows. Description: Raising both eyebrows in unison. In One Sentence: When the eyebrows rise in unison it signals excitement and surprise. How To Use it: Raise&hellip;<\/p>\n<p class=\"more-link-p\"><a class=\"more-link\" href=\"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/nonverbal-dictionary\/body-language-of-eyebrow-raise\/\">Read more &rarr;<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[182,129,144,45,151,98,157],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-468","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-no-photo","category-amplifier","category-eye-language","category-microexpression","category-open-facial-gestures","category-submissive-body-language","category-surprised-body-language"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/nonverbal-dictionary\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/468","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/nonverbal-dictionary\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/nonverbal-dictionary\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/nonverbal-dictionary\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/nonverbal-dictionary\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=468"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/nonverbal-dictionary\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/468\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2409,"href":"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/nonverbal-dictionary\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/468\/revisions\/2409"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/nonverbal-dictionary\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=468"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/nonverbal-dictionary\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=468"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/nonverbal-dictionary\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=468"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}