{"id":466,"date":"2014-10-21T15:13:34","date_gmt":"2014-10-21T15:13:34","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/nonverbal-dictionary\/?p=466"},"modified":"2015-06-04T18:22:20","modified_gmt":"2015-06-04T18:22:20","slug":"body-language-of-eyebrow-lowering","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/nonverbal-dictionary\/body-language-of-eyebrow-lowering\/","title":{"rendered":"Body Language of Eyebrow Lowering"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Body Language of Eyebrow Lowering<\/p>\n<p><strong><a href=\"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/nonverbal-dictionary\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/10\/No-pic.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright size-full wp-image-1286\" alt=\"No pic\" src=\"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/nonverbal-dictionary\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/10\/No-pic.jpg\" width=\"500\" height=\"750\" srcset=\"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/nonverbal-dictionary\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/10\/No-pic.jpg 500w, http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/nonverbal-dictionary\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/10\/No-pic-200x300.jpg 200w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/><\/a>Cue<\/strong>: Eyebrow Lowering<\/p>\n<p><strong>Synonym(s)<\/strong>: Lowering The Eyebrows, Anger Eyebrows.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Description<\/strong>: Eyebrows that are lowered.<\/p>\n<p><strong>In One Sentence<\/strong>: Lowering the eyebrows signals anger, aggression, or fear.<\/p>\n<p><strong>How To Use it<\/strong>: Lower the eyebrows to tell others that you disapprove of their conduct and wish for them to correct it. Likewise you may lower your brows to show that you are experiencing an internal struggle. Overall, the cue can be useful when trying to manipulate other people into changing their behaviour.<\/p>\n<p>The anger expression has been shown to be a signal of strength and helps reinforce dominance so it is useful in creating the impression of authority. Even if one lacks the physical power to back up aggression, the anger expression can still be used to create the illusion of force. Lowering the eyebrows should be used whenever you wish to be taken seriously and want that seriousness to be backed up by visible threat.<\/p>\n<p>Avoid keeping the eyebrows lowered for too long, however, as this will be perceived as being weakness and dejection.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Context<\/strong>: General.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Verbal Translation<\/strong>: \u201cI\u2019m angry and my face is squishing all up including my eyebrows.\u201d<\/p>\n<p><strong>Variant<\/strong>: N\/A<\/p>\n<p><strong>Cue In Action<\/strong>: When she saw the girl who posted rude remarks on her online profile, she lowered her eyebrows to show her anger.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Meaning and\/or Motivation<\/strong>: Eyebrows can squint just like eyes can and have many different meanings. Eyebrows can be lowered to indicate confrontation due to anger or aggression, fear from threats, when we feel displeasure or are annoyed.<\/p>\n<p>If eyebrows are dropped low enough and kept there it indicates weakness and insecurity. This is true universally and so can even appear in children especially those who are abused. Lowered eyebrows is submissive, cowering, facial expression. Lowered eyebrows is a sign of being defeated and weak. It shows that one is unlikely to put up a fight. Bullies at school will also look for the expression to single out children as prey and so will social predators and psychopaths.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Cue Cluster<\/strong>: Varied depending on context.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Body Language Category<\/strong>: Amplifier, Aggressive body language, Anger, Closed facial gestures, Dislike (nonverbal), Dominant body language, Emotional body language, Eye Language, Fearful body language, Frustration or frustrated body language, Hostile body language, Negative body language, Threat displays.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Resources:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>App, Betsy; Catherine L. Reed and Daniel N. McIntosh. Relative Contributions Of Face And Body Configurations: Perceiving Emotional State And Motion Intention. Cognition and Emotion. 2012. 26(4): 690-698.<\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"vinQfjLi9P\"><p><a href=\"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/articles\/facial-expressions-versus-bodily-expressions-nonverbal-communication\/\">Facial Expressions Versus Bodily Expressions in Nonverbal Communication<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; visibility: hidden;\" title=\"&#8220;Facial Expressions Versus Bodily Expressions in Nonverbal Communication&#8221; &#8212; Body Language Project.com\" src=\"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/articles\/facial-expressions-versus-bodily-expressions-nonverbal-communication\/embed\/#?secret=bTQz1BqADM#?secret=vinQfjLi9P\" data-secret=\"vinQfjLi9P\" width=\"593\" height=\"334\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>Aviezer, Hillel; Ran R. Hassin; Jennifer Ryan; Cheryl Grady; Josh Susskind; Adam Anderson; Morris Moscovitch and Shlomo Bentin. Angry, Disgusted, or Afraid? Studies on the Malleability of Emotion Perception. Psychological Science. 2008. 19(7): 724-732.<\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"i45AEfkxaN\"><p><a href=\"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/articles\/emotions-read-context-study\/\">Emotions Are Read In Context, Study<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; visibility: hidden;\" title=\"&#8220;Emotions Are Read In Context, Study&#8221; &#8212; Body Language Project.com\" src=\"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/articles\/emotions-read-context-study\/embed\/#?secret=fqvkxLlAHG#?secret=i45AEfkxaN\" data-secret=\"i45AEfkxaN\" width=\"593\" height=\"334\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>Aaron, Sell; Cosmides, Leda and Tooby, John. The Human Anger Face Evolved to Enhance Cues of Strength. Evolution and Human Behavior. 2014. 35(5): 425-429.<\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"1kTxf38Q9L\"><p><a href=\"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/articles\/the-universal-anger-face\/\">The Universal Anger Face<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; visibility: hidden;\" title=\"&#8220;The Universal Anger Face&#8221; &#8212; Body Language Project.com\" src=\"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/articles\/the-universal-anger-face\/embed\/#?secret=dUmXfp9ivd#?secret=1kTxf38Q9L\" data-secret=\"1kTxf38Q9L\" width=\"593\" height=\"334\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>Ben-Zeev, Avi; Tara C. Dennehy; Rachel Sackman; Andres Olide and Christopher C. Berger. Flirting With Threat: Social Identity and the Perils of the Female Communality Prescription. 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In P. Ekman, J. Campos, R. J. Davidson &#038; F. B. M. De Waal (Eds.), Emotions inside out: 130 years after Darwin\u2019s The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals (Vol. 1000, pp. 88-90). New York: Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences.<\/p>\n<p>Baron, R. M., &#038; Kenny, D. A. (1986). The moderator-mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: Conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51(6), 1173-1882.<\/p>\n<p>Biehl, M., Matsumoto, D., Ekman, P., Hearn, V., Heider, K., Kudoh, T., et al. (1997). Matsumoto and Ekman\u2019s Japanese and Caucasian Facial Expressions of Emotion (JACFEE): Reliability Data and Cross-National Differences. Journal of Nonverbal Behavior, 21, 3-21.<\/p>\n<p>Blurton Jones, N. G. (1967). &#8220;An Ethological Study of Some Aspects of Social Behaviour of Children in Nursery School.&#8221; In Desmond Morris (Ed.), Primate Ethology (Chicago: Aldine), pp. 347-68.<\/p>\n<p>Burgoon, Judee K., David B. Buller, and W. Gill Woodall (1989). Nonverbal Communication: The Unspoken Dialogue (New York: Harper &#038; Row).<\/p>\n<p>Carroll E. 1994. Innate and universal facial expressions: Evidence from developmental and cross-cultural research Izard, Psychological Bulletin. 115(2): 288-299.<\/p>\n<p>de Waal, F. B. M. (2003). Darwin\u2019s legacy and the study of primate visual communication. In P. Ekman, J. Campos, R. J. Davidson &#038; F. B. M. De Waal (Eds.), Emotions inside out: 130 years after Darwin\u2019s The Expression of Emotion in Man and Animals (pp. 7-31). New York: New York Academy of Sciences.<\/p>\n<p>Darwin, Charles (1872). The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals, third edition (New York: Oxford University Press, 1998).<\/p>\n<p>Eibl-Eibesfeldt, Irenaus (1973). &#8220;The Expressive Behaviour of the Deaf-and-Blind-Born.&#8221; In Mario von Cranach and Ian Vine (Eds.), Social Communication and Movement (European Monographs in Social Psychology 4, New York: Academic Press), pp. 163-94.<\/p>\n<p>Ekman, P. (1994). Strong evidence for universals in facial expressions: A reply to Russell\u2019s mistaken critique. Psychological Bulletin, 115, 268-287.<\/p>\n<p>Ekman, P., Friesen, W. V., O\u2019Sullivan, M., Chan, A., Diacoyanni-Tarlatzis, I., Heider, K., et al. (1987). Universals and cultural differences in the judgments of facial expressions of emotion. Journal of Personality &#038; Social Psychology, 53(4), 712-717.<\/p>\n<p>Ekman, P., Levenson, R. W., &#038; Friesen, W. V. (1983). Autonomic nervous system activity distinguishes among emotions. Science, 221(4616), 1208-1210.<\/p>\n<p>Ekman, P., O\u2019Sullivan, M., &#038; Matsumoto, D. (1991a). Confusions about context in the judgment of facial expression: A reply to \u201cThe contempt expression and the relativity thesis.\u201d. Motivation &#038; Emotion, 15(2), 169-176.<\/p>\n<p>Ekman, P., O\u2019Sullivan, M., &#038; Matsumoto, D. (1991b). Contradictions in the study of contempt: What\u2019s it all about? Reply to Russell. Motivation &#038; Emotion, 15(4), 293-296.<\/p>\n<p>Elfenbein, H. A., &#038; Ambady, N. (2002). On the universality and cultural specificity of emotion recognition: A meta-analysis. Psychological Bulletin, 128(2), 205-235.<\/p>\n<p>Ekman, Paul. 1994. Strong evidence for universals in facial expressions: A reply to Russell&#8217;s mistaken critique Psychological Bulletin. 115(2): 268-287.<\/p>\n<p>Ekman, Paul. 1986. A new pan-cultural facial expression of emotion. Source: Motivation and Emotion Ekman. 10(2): 159-168. <\/p>\n<p>Ekman, Paul and Friesen, W. V. 1987. Universals and cultural differences in the judgments of facial expressions of emotion. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 53(4): 712-717.<\/p>\n<p>Ekman, Paul; Friesen, Wallace V. 1971. Constants across cultures in the face and emotion. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 17(2): 124-129.<\/p>\n<p>Ekman, Paul. 1972. Universals and cultural differences in facial expressions of emotion. In J. Cole (Ed.), Nebraska Symposium on Motivation, 1971. 19: 207-282. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press.<\/p>\n<p>Fulcher, J. S. \u201cVoluntary\u201d facial expression in blind and seeing children. Archives of Psychology, 1942. 38: 272.<\/p>\n<p>Friesen, W. V. 1972. Cultural differences in facial expressions in a social situation: An experimental test of the concept of display rules. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of California, San Francisco.<\/p>\n<p>Grezes, Julie; Le\u00b4onor Philip; Michele Chadwick; Guillaume Dezecache; Robert Soussignan and Laurence Conty. Self-Relevance Appraisal Influences Facial Reactions to Emotional Body Expressions. PLoS ONE. 2013. 8(2): e55885. doi:10.1371\/journal.pone.0055885<\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"VeNkgZpKTU\"><p><a href=\"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/articles\/face-reacts-body-anger-brains-wired-process-emotional-body-language\/\">Your Face Reacts To Body Anger \u2013 How Our Brains Are Wired To Process Emotional Body Language<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; visibility: hidden;\" title=\"&#8220;Your Face Reacts To Body Anger \u2013 How Our Brains Are Wired To Process Emotional Body Language&#8221; &#8212; Body Language Project.com\" src=\"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/articles\/face-reacts-body-anger-brains-wired-process-emotional-body-language\/embed\/#?secret=fbca3c5sga#?secret=VeNkgZpKTU\" data-secret=\"VeNkgZpKTU\" width=\"593\" height=\"334\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>Hareli, Shlomo; Noga Shomrat and Ursula Hess. 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DOI: 10.1037\/a0015958<\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"EgwTlX3MJj\"><p><a href=\"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/articles\/dominance-expression-conveyed-different-facial-expressions-men-women\/\">Dominance Expression Conveyed By Different Facial Expressions In Men And Women<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; visibility: hidden;\" title=\"&#8220;Dominance Expression Conveyed By Different Facial Expressions In Men And Women&#8221; &#8212; Body Language Project.com\" src=\"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/articles\/dominance-expression-conveyed-different-facial-expressions-men-women\/embed\/#?secret=N6txiQ1xiD#?secret=EgwTlX3MJj\" data-secret=\"EgwTlX3MJj\" width=\"593\" height=\"334\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>Hatz, Jessica L. and Martin J. Bourgeois. 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DOI 10.1007\/s00221-013-3557-6.<\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"vlrXpWX9RD\"><p><a href=\"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/articles\/reading-bodily-postures-facial-expressions-incorrectly-can-disastrous-just-ask-violent-offenders\/\">Reading Bodily Postures And Facial Expressions Incorrectly Can Be Disastrous \u2013 Just Ask Violent Offenders<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; visibility: hidden;\" title=\"&#8220;Reading Bodily Postures And Facial Expressions Incorrectly Can Be Disastrous \u2013 Just Ask Violent Offenders&#8221; &#8212; Body Language Project.com\" src=\"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/articles\/reading-bodily-postures-facial-expressions-incorrectly-can-disastrous-just-ask-violent-offenders\/embed\/#?secret=JLJbBNDrRR#?secret=vlrXpWX9RD\" data-secret=\"vlrXpWX9RD\" width=\"593\" height=\"334\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>Levenson, R. 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Cognition And Emotion. 2013; 27 (8): 1513-1521.<\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"Xn9jDT3mRo\"><p><a href=\"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/articles\/avoid-anger-sunny-days\/\">How To Avoid Anger On Sunny Days<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; visibility: hidden;\" title=\"&#8220;How To Avoid Anger On Sunny Days&#8221; &#8212; Body Language Project.com\" src=\"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/articles\/avoid-anger-sunny-days\/embed\/#?secret=RmyjB1mjCZ#?secret=Xn9jDT3mRo\" data-secret=\"Xn9jDT3mRo\" width=\"593\" height=\"334\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>Mondloch, Catherine J.; Nicole L. Nelson and Matthew Horner. Asymmetries of Influence: Differential Effects of Body Postures on Perceptions of Emotional Facial Expressions. PLOS one. 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Spontaneous Facial Expressions of Emotion of Congenitally and Non-Congenitally Blind Individuals. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 96(1), 1-10.<\/p>\n<p>Mesquita, B., &#038; Frijda, N. H. (1992). Cultural variations in emotions: A review. Psychological Bulletin, 112, 197-204.<\/p>\n<p>Marzoli, Daniele; Mariagrazia Custodero, Alessandra Pagliara, and Luca Tommasi. Sun-Induced Frowning Fosters Aggressive Feelings. Cognition And Emotion. 2013; 27 (8): 1513-1521.<\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"FalbhQ9IIo\"><p><a href=\"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/articles\/the-sun-can-produce-feelings-of-anger-and-aggression-it-makes-us-frown\/\">The Sun Can Produce Feelings Of Anger And Aggression &#8211; It Makes Us Frown<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; visibility: hidden;\" title=\"&#8220;The Sun Can Produce Feelings Of Anger And Aggression &#8211; It Makes Us Frown&#8221; &#8212; Body Language Project.com\" src=\"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/articles\/the-sun-can-produce-feelings-of-anger-and-aggression-it-makes-us-frown\/embed\/#?secret=xeObVXYUUl#?secret=FalbhQ9IIo\" data-secret=\"FalbhQ9IIo\" width=\"593\" height=\"334\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>Nao, Misako Sawada and Motonobu Ishii. Development of the Movements Impressions Emotions Model: Evaluation of Movements and Impressions Related to the Perception of Emotions in Dance. Journal of Nonverbal Behavior. 2013. 37:107-121.<br \/>\nDOI 10.1007\/s10919-013-0148-y<\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"WWYTgxxE3b\"><p><a href=\"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/articles\/convey-emotion-nonverbally-dance-study\/\">How To Convey Emotion Nonverbally Through Dance, A Study<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; visibility: hidden;\" title=\"&#8220;How To Convey Emotion Nonverbally Through Dance, A Study&#8221; &#8212; Body Language Project.com\" src=\"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/articles\/convey-emotion-nonverbally-dance-study\/embed\/#?secret=83aM8CPPgQ#?secret=WWYTgxxE3b\" data-secret=\"WWYTgxxE3b\" width=\"593\" height=\"334\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>Nelson, Nicole L and James A. Russell. Children\u2019s Understanding Of Nonverbal Expressions Of Pride. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology. 2012; 111: 379-385.<\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"iw6Ewk9zoG\"><p><a href=\"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/articles\/can-children-read-pride-body-language\/\">Can Children Read Pride Body Language?<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; visibility: hidden;\" title=\"&#8220;Can Children Read Pride Body Language?&#8221; &#8212; Body Language Project.com\" src=\"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/articles\/can-children-read-pride-body-language\/embed\/#?secret=y8349BL375#?secret=iw6Ewk9zoG\" data-secret=\"iw6Ewk9zoG\" width=\"593\" height=\"334\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>Peleg, G., Katzir, G., Peleg, O., Kamara, M., Brodsky, L., Hel-Or, H., et al. (2006). Heriditary family signature of facial expression. Proceedings from the National Academy of Sciences, 103(43), 15921-15926.<\/p>\n<p>Russell, James A. 1995. Facial Expressions of Emotion: What Lies Beyond Minimal Universality?  Psychological bulletin. 118(3): 379-391.<\/p>\n<p>Russell, James A. 1994. Is There Universal Recognition of Emotion From Facial Expression? A Review of the Cross-Cultural Studies. Psychological Bulletin. 115(1): 102-141.<\/p>\n<p>Reed, Lawrence, Ian; Peter DeScioli and Steven A. Pinker. The Commitment Function of Angry Facial Expressions. Psychological Science. 2014 DOI: 10.1177\/0956797614531027<\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"ljLMA09wno\"><p><a href=\"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/articles\/anger-facial-expression-gets-people-to-do-what-you-want\/\">Anger Facial Expression Gets People To Do What You Want<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; visibility: hidden;\" title=\"&#8220;Anger Facial Expression Gets People To Do What You Want&#8221; &#8212; Body Language Project.com\" src=\"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/articles\/anger-facial-expression-gets-people-to-do-what-you-want\/embed\/#?secret=6Nro8A1SjF#?secret=ljLMA09wno\" data-secret=\"ljLMA09wno\" width=\"593\" height=\"334\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>Sinke, C.B, Sorger, B, Goebel, R, and de Gelder, B. Tease or Threat? Judging Social Interactions From Bodily Expressions. Neuroimage. A Journal of Brain Function. 2009. 49:1717-1727. doi: 10.1016\/j.neuroimage.<\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"8eKQE8cpnJ\"><p><a href=\"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/articles\/friend-foe-let-body-language-decide\/\">Friend or Foe? Let Body Language Decide<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; visibility: hidden;\" title=\"&#8220;Friend or Foe? Let Body Language Decide&#8221; &#8212; Body Language Project.com\" src=\"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/articles\/friend-foe-let-body-language-decide\/embed\/#?secret=XhHrpbU8uv#?secret=8eKQE8cpnJ\" data-secret=\"8eKQE8cpnJ\" width=\"593\" height=\"334\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>Stienen, Bernard M. C.; Akihiro Tanaka and Beatrice de Gelder. Emotional Voice and Emotional Body Postures Influence Each Other Independently of Visual Awareness. PLoS ONE. 2011. 6(10): e25517. doi:10.1371\/journal.pone.0025517.<\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"wEDEoQEOIm\"><p><a href=\"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/articles\/body-language-read-quickly-subconsciously-study\/\">Body Language Is Read Quickly And Subconsciously, Study<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; visibility: hidden;\" title=\"&#8220;Body Language Is Read Quickly And Subconsciously, Study&#8221; &#8212; Body Language Project.com\" src=\"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/articles\/body-language-read-quickly-subconsciously-study\/embed\/#?secret=ihro3ePZHA#?secret=wEDEoQEOIm\" data-secret=\"wEDEoQEOIm\" width=\"593\" height=\"334\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>Sell, A., Cosmides, L. and Tooby, J., The Human Anger Face Evolved to Enhance Cues of Strength. Evolution and Human Behavior. 2014, doi: 10.1016\/j.evolhumbehav.2014.05.008<\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"lgSxznBVBA\"><p><a href=\"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/articles\/human-anger-face-signal-strength\/\">Human Anger Face Signal Of Strength<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; visibility: hidden;\" title=\"&#8220;Human Anger Face Signal Of Strength&#8221; &#8212; Body Language Project.com\" src=\"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/articles\/human-anger-face-signal-strength\/embed\/#?secret=1qTto4Gmbl#?secret=lgSxznBVBA\" data-secret=\"lgSxznBVBA\" width=\"593\" height=\"334\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>Susskind, Joshua M and Adam K Anderson. Facial Expression Form and Function. Communicative Integrative Biology. 2008. 1(2): 148\u2013149. PMCID: PMC2686004<\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"08ynKhHYQn\"><p><a href=\"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/articles\/emotional-facial-expressions-evolve\/\">How Did Emotional Facial Expressions Evolve?<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; visibility: hidden;\" title=\"&#8220;How Did Emotional Facial Expressions Evolve?&#8221; &#8212; Body Language Project.com\" src=\"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/articles\/emotional-facial-expressions-evolve\/embed\/#?secret=NSY8mD3008#?secret=08ynKhHYQn\" data-secret=\"08ynKhHYQn\" width=\"593\" height=\"334\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>Schubert, Thomas W. The Power In Your Hand: Gender Differences In Bodily Feedback<br \/>\nFrom Making a Fist. Society for Personality and Social Psychology. 2004. 30(6): 757-769. DOI: 10.1177\/0146167204263780<\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"P2p9QTx0Kr\"><p><a href=\"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/articles\/men-view-power-body-language-different-women-bodily-feedback-making-fist\/\">Men View Power Body Language Different Than Women \u2013 Bodily Feedback Of Making A Fist<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; visibility: hidden;\" title=\"&#8220;Men View Power Body Language Different Than Women \u2013 Bodily Feedback Of Making A Fist&#8221; &#8212; Body Language Project.com\" src=\"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/articles\/men-view-power-body-language-different-women-bodily-feedback-making-fist\/embed\/#?secret=cUt3QWU0cw#?secret=P2p9QTx0Kr\" data-secret=\"P2p9QTx0Kr\" width=\"593\" height=\"334\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>Thompson, Erin H. and James A. Hampton. The Effect of Relationship Status on Communicating Emotions Through Touch,. Cognition and Emotion. 2011. 25(2): 295-306. DOI: 10.1080\/02699931.2010.492957.<\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"ohvFuQSAX7\"><p><a href=\"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/articles\/using-touch-convey-emotion\/\">Using Touch To Convey Emotion<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; visibility: hidden;\" title=\"&#8220;Using Touch To Convey Emotion&#8221; &#8212; Body Language Project.com\" src=\"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/articles\/using-touch-convey-emotion\/embed\/#?secret=KBDvrHRQGp#?secret=ohvFuQSAX7\" data-secret=\"ohvFuQSAX7\" width=\"593\" height=\"334\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>Weisfeld, Glenn E. and Jody M. Beresford. Erectness of Posture as an Indicator of Dominance or Success in Humans. Motivation and Emotion. 1982. 6(2): 113-130.<\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"GS8HWIAxPi\"><p><a href=\"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/articles\/body-language-cues-dominance-submission-children\/\">Body Language Cues Of Dominance And Submission In Children<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; visibility: hidden;\" title=\"&#8220;Body Language Cues Of Dominance And Submission In Children&#8221; &#8212; Body Language Project.com\" src=\"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/articles\/body-language-cues-dominance-submission-children\/embed\/#?secret=tnKzHprhkh#?secret=GS8HWIAxPi\" data-secret=\"GS8HWIAxPi\" width=\"593\" height=\"334\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>Wilkowski, Benjamin M. and Brian P. Meier. Bring It On: Angry Facial Expressions Potentiate Approach-Motivated Motor Behavior. 2010. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 98(2): 201-210.<\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"b5nt7c8Aen\"><p><a href=\"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/articles\/anger-facial-expression-elicits-approach-not-avoidance-study\/\">Anger Facial Expression Elicits Approach Not Avoidance, Study<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; visibility: hidden;\" title=\"&#8220;Anger Facial Expression Elicits Approach Not Avoidance, Study&#8221; &#8212; Body Language Project.com\" src=\"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/articles\/anger-facial-expression-elicits-approach-not-avoidance-study\/embed\/#?secret=27OuD1lDYj#?secret=b5nt7c8Aen\" data-secret=\"b5nt7c8Aen\" width=\"593\" height=\"334\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>Zhao, Ke; Wen-Jing Yan; Yu-Hsin Chen; Xi-Nian Zuo and Xiaolan Fu. Amygdala Volume Predicts Inter-Individual Differences in Fearful Face Recognition. PLOS one. August 2013. (8): 8: e74096. doi:10.1371\/journal.pone.0074096.g001<\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"ygmiQy790y\"><p><a href=\"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/articles\/fear-amygdala\/\">Fear &#8211; It\u2019s In Your Amygdala<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; visibility: hidden;\" title=\"&#8220;Fear &#8211; It\u2019s In Your Amygdala&#8221; &#8212; Body Language Project.com\" src=\"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/articles\/fear-amygdala\/embed\/#?secret=0rCZDgxE6L#?secret=ygmiQy790y\" data-secret=\"ygmiQy790y\" width=\"593\" height=\"334\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>Zieber, Nicole; Ashley Kangas; Alyson Hock; and Ramesh S. Bhatt. Infants\u2019 Perception of Emotion From Body Movements. Child Development. 2014. 85(2): 675-684.<\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"Ihbu5NUrZM\"><p><a href=\"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/articles\/careful-infants-perceptive-reading-body-language\/\">Be Careful! Infants Perceptive At Reading Body Language<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; visibility: hidden;\" title=\"&#8220;Be Careful! Infants Perceptive At Reading Body Language&#8221; &#8212; Body Language Project.com\" src=\"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/articles\/careful-infants-perceptive-reading-body-language\/embed\/#?secret=i6GA7Ljou9#?secret=Ihbu5NUrZM\" data-secret=\"Ihbu5NUrZM\" width=\"593\" height=\"334\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Body Language of Eyebrow Lowering Cue: Eyebrow Lowering Synonym(s): Lowering The Eyebrows, Anger Eyebrows. Description: Eyebrows that are lowered. In One Sentence: Lowering the eyebrows signals anger, aggression, or fear. How To Use it: Lower the eyebrows to tell others&hellip;<\/p>\n<p class=\"more-link-p\"><a class=\"more-link\" href=\"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/nonverbal-dictionary\/body-language-of-eyebrow-lowering\/\">Read more &rarr;<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[182,117,129,44,120,41,65,93,144,55,94,59,54,66],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-466","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-no-photo","category-aggressive-body-language","category-amplifier","category-anger","category-closed-facial-gestures","category-dislike-nonverbal","category-dominant-body-language","category-emotional-body-language","category-eye-language","category-fearful-body-language","category-frustration-or-frustrated-body-language","category-hostility","category-negative-body-language","category-threat-displays"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/nonverbal-dictionary\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/466","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/nonverbal-dictionary\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/nonverbal-dictionary\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/nonverbal-dictionary\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/nonverbal-dictionary\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=466"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/nonverbal-dictionary\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/466\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2408,"href":"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/nonverbal-dictionary\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/466\/revisions\/2408"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/nonverbal-dictionary\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=466"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/nonverbal-dictionary\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=466"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/nonverbal-dictionary\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=466"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}