{"id":373,"date":"2014-10-20T15:36:56","date_gmt":"2014-10-20T15:36:56","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/nonverbal-dictionary\/?p=373"},"modified":"2015-06-04T17:10:18","modified_gmt":"2015-06-04T17:10:18","slug":"body-language-of-the-cowboy-pose-stance","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/nonverbal-dictionary\/body-language-of-the-cowboy-pose-stance\/","title":{"rendered":"Body Language Of The Cowboy Pose Stance"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Body Language Of The Cowboy Pose Stance<\/p>\n<p><strong><a href=\"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/nonverbal-dictionary\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/10\/BodyLanguageProjectCom-Cowboy-Pose-Stance-2.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright size-full wp-image-1359\" alt=\"BodyLanguageProjectCom - Cowboy Pose Stance 2\" src=\"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/nonverbal-dictionary\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/10\/BodyLanguageProjectCom-Cowboy-Pose-Stance-2.jpg\" width=\"500\" height=\"750\" srcset=\"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/nonverbal-dictionary\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/10\/BodyLanguageProjectCom-Cowboy-Pose-Stance-2.jpg 500w, http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/nonverbal-dictionary\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/10\/BodyLanguageProjectCom-Cowboy-Pose-Stance-2-200x300.jpg 200w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/><\/a>Cue<\/strong>: The Cowboy Pose Stance<\/p>\n<p><strong>Synonym(s)<\/strong>: Male Crotch Display (The), The Standing Crotch Display, Thumbs In Belt Loops, Framing The Genitals.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Description<\/strong>: This posture happens by placing the thumbs in the waistband\/belt\/belt loops with the remaining fingers pointed downwards towards the crotch.<\/p>\n<p><strong>In One Sentence<\/strong>: Placing the hands in the loops of the belt is a dominance display serving to draw attention to the groin area.<\/p>\n<p><strong>How To Use it<\/strong>: Use this posture to show that you are in control and are self-assured. While the cue is generally permissible for men, it should be used cautiously by women. While men derive much of their power from their genitals, it can appear overly crass when done by women. However, in recent times, the gesture has been more acceptable for women of the West.<\/p>\n<p>If women should wish to adopt a \u2018near-posture\u2019 they should consider aiming their fingers backwards such that they point to their buttocks, thus drawing attention backwards. When done facing children, it will have the affect of appearing dominant, but inquisitive.<\/p>\n<p>Men can boost their dominance further by propping up their leg on the cross-brace of a chair. This puts their genitals on full display.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Context<\/strong>: General.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Verbal Translation<\/strong>: \u201cI\u2019m dominant and in charge and to prove that I\u2019m going to lock my thumbs in my belt loops with the rest of my fingers pointed toward my genitals \u2013 notice them!\u201d \u201cThere are issues here\u201d, \u201cThings are not right\u201d, \u201cI\u2019m standing my ground\u201d or \u201cI\u2019m a virile male so check me out!\u201d<\/p>\n<p><strong>Variant<\/strong>: See <a href=\"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/nonverbal-dictionary\/body-language-of-arms-akimbo\/\" target=\"_blank\">Arms Akimbo<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/nonverbal-dictionary\/body-language-of-leg-spreading\/\" target=\"_blank\">Leg Spreading<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Cue In Action<\/strong>: While standing at the bar he put his fingers into his belt loops and faced away from the bar. He was sending a broadcast signal to the room hoping to attract some sexual attention.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Meaning and\/or Motivation<\/strong>: The cowboy pose was popularized by old western movies. Cowboys would use a combination of this posture and the hands on hips (or arms akimbo) to show how macho they were. Because it draws attention to the crotch, it is infrequently used by women.<\/p>\n<p>When women are seen holding the posture they will hold their hands on their hips and point their fingers to their buttocks rather than to their genitals. Pointing therefore, puts emphasis on our best assets while we state our case. Fingers pointed backwards as women do, is perceived as more of an inquisitive posture than an authoritarian one. It also draws less attention to the genital area which is not normally associated with a source of power and dominance.<\/p>\n<p>A second version of the crotch display is to keep the legs spread open where the hand may be found on the inside of the thigh in a \u201cready position\u201d or propped up on a knee (The Captain Morgan). These signals are less of a sexual invitation than they are signal of their dominance over others in the room, which in and of itself, makes them appear more attractive to women.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Cue Cluster<\/strong>: The cowboy pose is accompanied by head held high, rigid posture, a stern or confident face, reduced gesticulation, legs spread at or wider than shoulder width and other confident indicators.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Body Language Category<\/strong>: Courtship displays, Confident, Crotch display, Dominant body language, Expansive movements, High confidence body language, Indicators of sexual interest (IOsI), Open body language.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Resources:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Allen, Jill; Sarah J. Gervais and Jessi L. Smith. Sit Big to Eat Big: The Interaction of Body Posture and Body Concern on Restrained Eating. Psychology of Women Quarterly 2013. 37(3): 325-336. DOI: 10.1177\/0361684313476477pwq.sagepub.com<\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"sorJwNZDoX\"><p><a href=\"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/articles\/sit-big-to-eat-big-how-constrictive-postures-reduce-food-consumption\/\">Sit Big To Eat Big \u2013 How Constrictive Postures Reduce Food Consumption<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; visibility: hidden;\" title=\"&#8220;Sit Big To Eat Big \u2013 How Constrictive Postures Reduce Food Consumption&#8221; &#8212; Body Language Project.com\" src=\"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/articles\/sit-big-to-eat-big-how-constrictive-postures-reduce-food-consumption\/embed\/#?secret=gO6RDMJFXH#?secret=sorJwNZDoX\" data-secret=\"sorJwNZDoX\" width=\"593\" height=\"334\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>Arnette, S. L., &#038; Pettijohn, T. F., II. (2012). The effects of posture on self-perceived leadership. International Journal of Business and Social Science, 3, 8\u201313.<\/p>\n<p>Bohns, Vanessa K. and Scott S. Wiltermuth. It Hurts When I Do This (Or You Do That): Posture And Pain tolerance. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology. 2012. 48: 341-345.<\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"iKUkGZ5uey\"><p><a href=\"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/articles\/dominant-and-submissive-postures-affects-more-than-public-perception-it-also-affects-felt-pain-and-physical-strength\/\">Dominant And Submissive Postures Affects More Than Public Perception &#8211; It Also Affects Felt Pain And Physical Strength<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; visibility: hidden;\" title=\"&#8220;Dominant And Submissive Postures Affects More Than Public Perception &#8211; It Also Affects Felt Pain And Physical Strength&#8221; &#8212; Body Language Project.com\" src=\"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/articles\/dominant-and-submissive-postures-affects-more-than-public-perception-it-also-affects-felt-pain-and-physical-strength\/embed\/#?secret=46jqpXAXjJ#?secret=iKUkGZ5uey\" data-secret=\"iKUkGZ5uey\" width=\"593\" height=\"334\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>Bri\u00f1ol, P., Petty, R. E., &#038; Wagner, B. (2009). Body posture effects on self-evaluation: A self-validation approach. European Journal of Social Psychology, 39, 1053\u20131064.<\/p>\n<p>Bartholomewn, Morgan E.; Sheri L. Johnson. Nonverbal Dominance Behavior Among Individuals at Risk for Mania. Journal of Affective Disorders. 2014. 159: 133-138.<\/p>\n<p>Cashdan, Elizabeth.  Smiles, Speech, and Body Posture: How Women and Men Display Sociometric Status and Power. Journal of Nonverbal Behavior. 1998. 22(4): 209-228.<\/p>\n<p>Carney, Dana R.; Amy J.C. Cuddy; Andy J. Yap. Power Posing: Brief Nonverbal Displays Affect Neuroendocrine Levels and Risk Tolerance. Psychological Science, 2010; 21 (10): 1363-1368.<\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"DUMjttVyG3\"><p><a href=\"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/articles\/benefits-power-posing-high-stakes-performance\/\">The Benefits Of Power Posing Before High Stakes Performance<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; visibility: hidden;\" title=\"&#8220;The Benefits Of Power Posing Before High Stakes Performance&#8221; &#8212; Body Language Project.com\" src=\"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/articles\/benefits-power-posing-high-stakes-performance\/embed\/#?secret=1FaUwZ83qI#?secret=DUMjttVyG3\" data-secret=\"DUMjttVyG3\" width=\"593\" height=\"334\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>Cuddy, Amy J.C., Caroline A. Wilmuth, and Dana R. Carney. The Benefit of Power Posing Before a High-Stakes Social Evaluation. Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 13-027, September 2012.<\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"DUMjttVyG3\"><p><a href=\"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/articles\/benefits-power-posing-high-stakes-performance\/\">The Benefits Of Power Posing Before High Stakes Performance<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; visibility: hidden;\" title=\"&#8220;The Benefits Of Power Posing Before High Stakes Performance&#8221; &#8212; Body Language Project.com\" src=\"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/articles\/benefits-power-posing-high-stakes-performance\/embed\/#?secret=1FaUwZ83qI#?secret=DUMjttVyG3\" data-secret=\"DUMjttVyG3\" width=\"593\" height=\"334\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>Cesario, J., &#038; McDonald, M. M. (2013). Bodies in context: Power poses as a computation of action possibility. Social Cognition, 31, 260\u2013274.<\/p>\n<p>Cuddy, A. J. C., Wilmuth, C., Yap, A. J., &#038; Carney, D. R. (in press). Preparatory power posing affects nonverbal presence and job interview performance. Journal of Applied Psychology.<\/p>\n<p>de Lemus, Soledad; Russell Spears and and Miguel Moya. The Power of a Smile to Move You: Complementary Submissiveness in Women\u2019s Posture as a Function of Gender Salience and Facial Expression. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin. 2012. 38(11): 1480-1494.<\/p>\n<p>Fischer, Julia; Peter Fischer; Birte Englich; Nil\u00fcfer Aydin and Dieter Frey. Empower My Decisions: The Effects of Power Gestures on Confirmatory Information Processing. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology. 2011. 47: 1146-1154.<\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"ZoI2V9kI0e\"><p><a href=\"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/articles\/downside-power-posing-body-language-looking-power-posing-action-study\/\">The Downside To Power Posing Body Language Looking At Power Posing In Action, Study<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; visibility: hidden;\" title=\"&#8220;The Downside To Power Posing Body Language Looking At Power Posing In Action, Study&#8221; &#8212; Body Language Project.com\" src=\"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/articles\/downside-power-posing-body-language-looking-power-posing-action-study\/embed\/#?secret=ZWZY6DGtSE#?secret=ZoI2V9kI0e\" data-secret=\"ZoI2V9kI0e\" width=\"593\" height=\"334\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>Gorkan Ahmetoglu, Viren Swami. Do Women Prefer \u201cNice Guys?\u201d The Effect Of Male Dominance Behavior On Women\u2019s Ratings. Social Behavior And Personality, 2012; 40(4), 667-672.<\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"leUd6vhPzK\"><p><a href=\"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/articles\/how-to-significantly-increase-male-attractiveness-with-simple-body-language-nice-guys-finish-last-once-again\/\">How To Significantly Increase Male Attractiveness With Simple Body Language \u2013 \u201cNice Guys\u201d Finish Last Once Again<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; visibility: hidden;\" title=\"&#8220;How To Significantly Increase Male Attractiveness With Simple Body Language \u2013 \u201cNice Guys\u201d Finish Last Once Again&#8221; &#8212; Body Language Project.com\" src=\"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/articles\/how-to-significantly-increase-male-attractiveness-with-simple-body-language-nice-guys-finish-last-once-again\/embed\/#?secret=s25JWOLD3h#?secret=leUd6vhPzK\" data-secret=\"leUd6vhPzK\" width=\"593\" height=\"334\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>Huang, L., Galinsky, A. D., Gruenfeld, D. H., &#038; Guillory, L. E. (2011). Powerful postures versus powerful roles: Which is the proximate correlate of thought and behavior? Psychological Science, 22, 95\u2013102.<\/p>\n<p>Lee Ann Renninger, T. Joel Wade, Karl Grammer. Getting that female glance: Patterns and consequences of male nonverbal behavior in courtship contexts. Evolution and Human Behavior. 2004; 25: 416\u2013431.<\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"Zwnof1caR9\"><p><a href=\"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/articles\/part-i-how-to-read-male-sexual-body-language-a-study-for-women-and-the-men-who-wish-to-cheat-the-system\/\">PART I &#8211; How To Read Male Sexual Body Language, A Study For Women &#8211; And The Men Who Wish To Cheat The System<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; visibility: hidden;\" title=\"&#8220;PART I &#8211; How To Read Male Sexual Body Language, A Study For Women &#8211; And The Men Who Wish To Cheat The System&#8221; &#8212; Body Language Project.com\" src=\"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/articles\/part-i-how-to-read-male-sexual-body-language-a-study-for-women-and-the-men-who-wish-to-cheat-the-system\/embed\/#?secret=9O375OMuJy#?secret=Zwnof1caR9\" data-secret=\"Zwnof1caR9\" width=\"593\" height=\"334\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>Laird, J. D., &#038; Lacasse, K. (2014). Bodily influences on emotional feelings: Accumulating evidence and extensions of William James\u2019s theory of emotion. Emotion Review, 6, 27\u201334.<\/p>\n<p>Lee, E. H., &#038; Schnall, S. (2014). The influence of social power on weight perception. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 143, 1719\u20131725.<\/p>\n<p>Michalak, J., Mischnat, J., &#038; Teismann, T. (2014). Sitting posture makes a difference: Embodiment effects on depressive memory bias. Clinical Psychology &#038; Psychotherapy, 21, 519\u2013524.<\/p>\n<p>Minvaleev, R. S., Nozdrachev, A. D., Kir\u2019yanova, V. V., &#038; Ivanov, A. I. (2004). Postural influences on the hormone level in healthy subjects: I. The cobra posture and steroid hormones. Human Physiology, 30, 452\u2013456.<\/p>\n<p>Nair, S., Sagar, M., Sollers, J., III, Consedine, N., &#038; Broadbent, E. (2014). Do slumped and upright postures affect stress responses? A randomized trial. Health Psychology. Advance online publication. doi:10.1037\/hea0000146<\/p>\n<p>Park, Lora E.; Lindsey Streamer; Li Huang and Adam D. Galinsky. Stand Tall, But Don\u2019t Put Your Feet Up: Universal and Culturally-Specific Effects of Expansive Postures On Power. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology. 2013; 49: 965\u2013971.<\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"mvQIyUcZu9\"><p><a href=\"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/articles\/are-expansive-postures-of-power-universal-or-cultural\/\">Are Expansive Postures Of Power Universal Or Cultural?<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; visibility: hidden;\" title=\"&#8220;Are Expansive Postures Of Power Universal Or Cultural?&#8221; &#8212; Body Language Project.com\" src=\"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/articles\/are-expansive-postures-of-power-universal-or-cultural\/embed\/#?secret=z6I9ec3Zog#?secret=mvQIyUcZu9\" data-secret=\"mvQIyUcZu9\" width=\"593\" height=\"334\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>Pease, Barbara and Allan Pease. 2006.  The Definitive Book of Body Language Hardcover. Bantam.<\/p>\n<p>Rule, Nicholas, O.; Reginald B. Adams Jr.; Nalini Ambady and Jonathan B. Freeman. Perceptions Of Dominance Following Glimpses Of Faces And Bodies. Perception. 2012; 41: 687-706 doi:10.1068\/p7023<\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"l96Q1dqbsL\"><p><a href=\"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/articles\/people-can-read-dominance-split-second\/\">People Can Read Dominance In A Split Second<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; visibility: hidden;\" title=\"&#8220;People Can Read Dominance In A Split Second&#8221; &#8212; Body Language Project.com\" src=\"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/articles\/people-can-read-dominance-split-second\/embed\/#?secret=kfBuaQh8eD#?secret=l96Q1dqbsL\" data-secret=\"l96Q1dqbsL\" width=\"593\" height=\"334\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>Ranehill, Eva; Anna Dreber; Magnus Johannesson; Susanne Leiberg; Sunhae Sul and Roberto A. Weber. Assessing the Robustness of Power Posing: No Effect on Hormones and Risk Tolerance in a Large Sample of Men and Women. Psychological Science, March, 2015. doi: 10.1177\/0956797614553946<br \/>\nhttp:\/\/pss.sagepub.com\/content\/early\/2015\/03\/30\/0956797614553946.full.pdf<\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"tJPYPrZJgg\"><p><a href=\"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/articles\/power-posing-no-effect-hormones-amy-cuddy-wrong\/\">Power Posing Has No Effect On Hormones (Amy Cuddy Was Wrong)<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; visibility: hidden;\" title=\"&#8220;Power Posing Has No Effect On Hormones (Amy Cuddy Was Wrong)&#8221; &#8212; Body Language Project.com\" src=\"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/articles\/power-posing-no-effect-hormones-amy-cuddy-wrong\/embed\/#?secret=kG6HqHgsA6#?secret=tJPYPrZJgg\" data-secret=\"tJPYPrZJgg\" width=\"593\" height=\"334\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>Riskind, J. H. (1984). They stoop to conquer: Guiding and selfregulatory functions of physical posture after success and failure. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 47, 479\u2013493.<\/p>\n<p>Riskind, J. H., &#038; Gotay, C. C. (1982). Physical posture: Could it have regulatory or feedback effects on motivation and emotion? Motivation and Emotion, 6, 273\u2013298.<\/p>\n<p>Roberts, Tomi-Ann and Yousef Arefi-Afshar. Not All Who Stand Tall Are Proud: Gender Differences in the Proprioceptive Effects of Upright Posture. Cognition and Emtion. 2007. 21(4):714-727.<\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"OieCGNIVTZ\"><p><a href=\"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/articles\/do-women-benefit-from-power-posing-study-suggests-not\/\">Do Women Benefit From \u201cPower Posing?\u201d Study Suggests Not<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; visibility: hidden;\" title=\"&#8220;Do Women Benefit From \u201cPower Posing?\u201d Study Suggests Not&#8221; &#8212; Body Language Project.com\" src=\"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/articles\/do-women-benefit-from-power-posing-study-suggests-not\/embed\/#?secret=MSQziFPJgN#?secret=OieCGNIVTZ\" data-secret=\"OieCGNIVTZ\" width=\"593\" height=\"334\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>Stepper, S., &#038; Strack, F. (1993). Proprioceptive determinants of emotional and nonemotional feelings. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 64, 211\u2013220.<\/p>\n<p>Strelan, P., Weick, M., &#038; Vasiljevic, M. (2013). Power and revenge. British Journal of Social Psychology, 53, 521\u2013540.<\/p>\n<p>Stanton, Steven J. and Robin S. Edelstein. The Physiology of Women\u2019s Power Motive: Implicit Power Motivation is Positively Associated With Estradiol Levels in Women. Journal of Research in Personality. 2009. 43: 1109-1113.<\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"svYf76Fk4R\"><p><a href=\"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/articles\/the-estrogen-factor-the-search-for-nonverbal-power-in-women\/\">The Estrogen Factor \u2013 The Search For Nonverbal Power In Women<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; visibility: hidden;\" title=\"&#8220;The Estrogen Factor \u2013 The Search For Nonverbal Power In Women&#8221; &#8212; Body Language Project.com\" src=\"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/articles\/the-estrogen-factor-the-search-for-nonverbal-power-in-women\/embed\/#?secret=wDVMolhbJM#?secret=svYf76Fk4R\" data-secret=\"svYf76Fk4R\" width=\"593\" height=\"334\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>Stanton, Steven J. The Essential Implications of Gender in Human Behavioral Endocrinology Studies. Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience. 2011. 5(9): 1-3. doi: 10.3389\/fnbeh.2011.00009<\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"ODGfO9M8II\"><p><a href=\"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/articles\/a-critical-commentary-on-amy-cuddys-power-posing\/\">A Critical Commentary On Amy Cuddy\u2019s Power Posing<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; visibility: hidden;\" title=\"&#8220;A Critical Commentary On Amy Cuddy\u2019s Power Posing&#8221; &#8212; Body Language Project.com\" src=\"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/articles\/a-critical-commentary-on-amy-cuddys-power-posing\/embed\/#?secret=sKFJv7fxN4#?secret=ODGfO9M8II\" data-secret=\"ODGfO9M8II\" width=\"593\" height=\"334\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>Tiedens, Larissa Z. and Alison R. Fragale. Power Moves: Complementarity in Dominant and Submissive Nonverbal Behavior. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 2003, 84(3): 558\u2013568.<\/p>\n<p>Locke, Connson C. and Cameron Anderson. The Downside of Looking Like a Leader: Leader\u2019s Powerful Demeanor Stifles Follower Voice in Participative Decision-Making.. Academy of Management Annual Meeting Proceedings. 2010. 8(1): 1-6.<\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"Mn2BiDK2n5\"><p><a href=\"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/articles\/power-body-language-goes-far\/\">When Power Body Language Goes Too Far<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; visibility: hidden;\" title=\"&#8220;When Power Body Language Goes Too Far&#8221; &#8212; Body Language Project.com\" src=\"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/articles\/power-body-language-goes-far\/embed\/#?secret=3lIM1d3hOg#?secret=Mn2BiDK2n5\" data-secret=\"Mn2BiDK2n5\" width=\"593\" height=\"334\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>Welker, K. M., Oberleitner, D. E., Cain, S., &#038; Carr\u00e9, J. M. (2013). Upright and left out: Posture moderates the effects of social exclusion on mood and threats to basic needs. European Journal of Social Psychology, 43, 355\u2013361.<\/p>\n<p>Yap, Andy J. Abbie S. Wazlawek, Brian J. Lucas, Amy J. C. Cuddy, Dana R. Carney. The Ergonomics of Dishonesty: The Effect of Incidental Posture on Stealing, Cheating, and Traffic Violations, 24(11); 2281-2289.<\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"kvk7Z5LCi3\"><p><a href=\"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/articles\/body-posture-physical-environment-determine-feelings-and-behaviour-study\/\">Body Posture, Physical Environment, Determine Feelings And Behaviour, Study.<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; visibility: hidden;\" title=\"&#8220;Body Posture, Physical Environment, Determine Feelings And Behaviour, Study.&#8221; &#8212; Body Language Project.com\" src=\"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/articles\/body-posture-physical-environment-determine-feelings-and-behaviour-study\/embed\/#?secret=5VaqnrA01y#?secret=kvk7Z5LCi3\" data-secret=\"kvk7Z5LCi3\" width=\"593\" height=\"334\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Body Language Of The Cowboy Pose Stance Cue: The Cowboy Pose Stance Synonym(s): Male Crotch Display (The), The Standing Crotch Display, Thumbs In Belt Loops, Framing The Genitals. Description: This posture happens by placing the thumbs in the waistband\/belt\/belt loops&hellip;<\/p>\n<p class=\"more-link-p\"><a class=\"more-link\" href=\"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/nonverbal-dictionary\/body-language-of-the-cowboy-pose-stance\/\">Read more &rarr;<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[69,38,118,65,70,71,39,75],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-373","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-confident","category-courtship-display","category-crotch-display","category-dominant-body-language","category-expansive-movements","category-high-confidence-body-language","category-indicator-of-sexual-interest-iosi","category-open-body-language"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/nonverbal-dictionary\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/373","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/nonverbal-dictionary\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/nonverbal-dictionary\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/nonverbal-dictionary\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/nonverbal-dictionary\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=373"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/nonverbal-dictionary\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/373\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2366,"href":"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/nonverbal-dictionary\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/373\/revisions\/2366"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/nonverbal-dictionary\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=373"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/nonverbal-dictionary\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=373"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/nonverbal-dictionary\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=373"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}