{"id":321,"date":"2014-10-20T13:36:40","date_gmt":"2014-10-20T13:36:40","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/nonverbal-dictionary\/?p=321"},"modified":"2015-06-04T16:27:15","modified_gmt":"2015-06-04T16:27:15","slug":"body-language-of-the-chair-straddler-or-seat-straddling","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/nonverbal-dictionary\/body-language-of-the-chair-straddler-or-seat-straddling\/","title":{"rendered":"Body Language of The Chair Straddler or Seat Straddling"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Body Language of The Chair Straddler or Seat Straddling<\/p>\n<p><strong><a href=\"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/nonverbal-dictionary\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/10\/BodyLanguageProjectCom-Chair-Straddling.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright size-full wp-image-1270\" alt=\"BodyLanguageProjectCom - Chair Straddling\" src=\"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/nonverbal-dictionary\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/10\/BodyLanguageProjectCom-Chair-Straddling.jpg\" width=\"500\" height=\"750\" srcset=\"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/nonverbal-dictionary\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/10\/BodyLanguageProjectCom-Chair-Straddling.jpg 500w, http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/nonverbal-dictionary\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/10\/BodyLanguageProjectCom-Chair-Straddling-200x300.jpg 200w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/><\/a>Cue<\/strong>: Chair Straddling<\/p>\n<p><strong>Synonym(s)<\/strong>: Seat Straddling<\/p>\n<p><strong>Description<\/strong>: A sitting posture where a person sits on a chair backwards with their legs spread wide open and the forearms rested on the back of the chair.<\/p>\n<p><strong>In One Sentence<\/strong>: The chair straddler is perceived as cowardly as his genitals are on display, but he hides behind the shield of the chair.<\/p>\n<p><strong>How To Use it<\/strong>: Use this posture to appear timid and cowardly, but also dominant and aggressive. In other words, its use is limited to appearing socially awkward. Perhaps its use is best left to television characters trying to appear socially challenged.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Context<\/strong>: General<\/p>\n<p><strong>Verbal Translation<\/strong>: \u201cI\u2019m going to spread my legs behind this protective barrier showing myself to be dominant, authoritative and yes cowardly at the same time.\u201d<\/p>\n<p><strong>Variant<\/strong>: See <a href=\"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/nonverbal-dictionary\/body-language-of-leg-spreading\/\" target=\"_blank\">Leg Spreading<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Cue In Action<\/strong>: Charles made himself comfortable by pulling up a chair from another table, turning it around and sitting in it. His folded arms were placed on the back of the chair and his legs spread wide open facing everyone else.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Meaning and\/or Motivation<\/strong>: A dominant body position where the back of the chair is utilized as a barrier or shield to separate the individual from others. So while leg spreading appears dominant since the genitals are fully exposed, the back of the chair acts like a shield making the chair straddler appear cowardly. Chair straddlers are people who wish to remain protected while interacting with others.<\/p>\n<p>If the straddler is the type who habitually tosses figurative spears or flings arrows from behind his barrier, then he may be read as insecure and lacking in confidence. The chair straddler might defend his seating style by saying \u201cit\u2019s comfortable,\u201d but the body language reader should ask himself \u201cwhat it is about the posture, that makes the straddler feel so comfortable?\u201d<\/p>\n<p><strong>Cue Cluster<\/strong>: The arms are usually folded across the back of the chair coupled with a crooked smile, leaning in to invade space, and a boisterous attitude.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Body Language Category<\/strong>: Dominant body language, Arrogance or arrogant body language, Aggressive body language, Barriers, Defensive, Low confidence body language, Expansive movements, Threat displays, Crotch Display.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Resources: <\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Allen, Jill; Sarah J. Gervais and Jessi L. Smith. Sit Big to Eat Big: The Interaction of Body Posture and Body Concern on Restrained Eating. Psychology of Women Quarterly 2013. 37(3): 325-336. DOI: 10.1177\/0361684313476477pwq.sagepub.com<\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"kI7MvpULSL\"><p><a href=\"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/articles\/sit-big-to-eat-big-how-constrictive-postures-reduce-food-consumption\/\">Sit Big To Eat Big \u2013 How Constrictive Postures Reduce Food Consumption<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; visibility: hidden;\" title=\"&#8220;Sit Big To Eat Big \u2013 How Constrictive Postures Reduce Food Consumption&#8221; &#8212; Body Language Project.com\" src=\"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/articles\/sit-big-to-eat-big-how-constrictive-postures-reduce-food-consumption\/embed\/#?secret=ck8jo5LHsi#?secret=kI7MvpULSL\" data-secret=\"kI7MvpULSL\" width=\"593\" height=\"334\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>Arnette, S. L., &#038; Pettijohn, T. F., II. (2012). The effects of posture on self-perceived leadership. International Journal of Business and Social Science, 3, 8\u201313.<\/p>\n<p>Balzarotti, Stefania ; Piccini, Luca ; Andreoni, Giuseppe ; Ciceri, Rita \u201cI Know That You Know How I Feel\u201d: Behavioral and Physiological Signals Demonstrate Emotional Attunement While Interacting with a Computer Simulating Emotional Intelligence. Journal of Nonverbal Behavior. 2014. 38(3): 283-299.<\/p>\n<p>Argyle, M., &#038; Dean, I. Eye contact, distance and affiliation. Sociometry, 1965, 28, 289-304.<\/p>\n<p>Baxter, James C., and Richard M. Rozelle (1975). &#8220;Nonverbal Expression as a Function of Crowding During a Simulated Police-Citizen Encounter.&#8221; In Journal of Personality and Social Psychology (Vol. 32, No. 1), pp. 40-54.<\/p>\n<p>Boucher, Michael L. Holzberg, Jules D. (editor).  Effect of seating distance on interpersonal attraction in an interview situation.  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Journal of Experimental Social Psychology. 2012. 48: 341-345.<\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"dCzAube3Bb\"><p><a href=\"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/articles\/dominant-and-submissive-postures-affects-more-than-public-perception-it-also-affects-felt-pain-and-physical-strength\/\">Dominant And Submissive Postures Affects More Than Public Perception &#8211; It Also Affects Felt Pain And Physical Strength<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; visibility: hidden;\" title=\"&#8220;Dominant And Submissive Postures Affects More Than Public Perception &#8211; It Also Affects Felt Pain And Physical Strength&#8221; &#8212; Body Language Project.com\" src=\"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/articles\/dominant-and-submissive-postures-affects-more-than-public-perception-it-also-affects-felt-pain-and-physical-strength\/embed\/#?secret=Ze3ykWjGqR#?secret=dCzAube3Bb\" data-secret=\"dCzAube3Bb\" width=\"593\" height=\"334\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>Bri\u00f1ol, P., Petty, R. E., &#038; Wagner, B. (2009). Body posture effects on self-evaluation: A self-validation approach. European Journal of Social Psychology, 39, 1053\u20131064.<\/p>\n<p>Bernstein, Constance. Winning trials nonverbally: six ways to establish control in the courtroom. Trial. 1994. 30(1).61(5).<\/p>\n<p>Brownell, Judi. Communicating with credibility: The gender gap. Cornell Hotel and Restaurant Administration Quarterly. 1993. 34(2): 52-61.<\/p>\n<p>Beaulieu, Catherine. Intercultural Study of Personal Space: A Case Study.  Journal of Applied Social Psychology. 2004 34(4):794-805.<\/p>\n<p>Cacioppo, J. T., Priester, J. R., &#038; Berntson, G. G. (1993). Rudimentary determinants of attitudes: II. Arm flexion and extension have differential effects on attitudes. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 65, 5\u201317.<\/p>\n<p>Cashdan, Elizabeth.  Smiles, Speech, and Body Posture: How Women and Men Display Sociometric Status and Power. 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Psychological Science, 2010; 21 (10): 1363-1368.<\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"GteOSG4F45\"><p><a href=\"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/articles\/benefits-power-posing-high-stakes-performance\/\">The Benefits Of Power Posing Before High Stakes Performance<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; visibility: hidden;\" title=\"&#8220;The Benefits Of Power Posing Before High Stakes Performance&#8221; &#8212; Body Language Project.com\" src=\"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/articles\/benefits-power-posing-high-stakes-performance\/embed\/#?secret=hkDwvFOytp#?secret=GteOSG4F45\" data-secret=\"GteOSG4F45\" width=\"593\" height=\"334\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>Cesario, J., &#038; McDonald, M. M. (2013). Bodies in context: Power poses as a computation of action possibility. Social Cognition, 31, 260\u2013274.<\/p>\n<p>Cuddy, A. J. C., Wilmuth, C., Yap, A. J., &#038; Carney, D. R. (in press). Preparatory power posing affects nonverbal presence and job interview performance. Journal of Applied Psychology.<\/p>\n<p>Cook, M. Experiments on orientation and proxemics. Human Relations, 1970, 23, 61-67.<\/p>\n<p>Coutts, Larrym. ; Ledden, Maribeth.  Nonverbal Compensatory Reactions to Changes in Interpersonal Proximity. The Journal of Social Psychology. 1977 102(2): 283-290.<\/p>\n<p>Desteno, David ; Breazeal, Cynthia ; Frank, Robert H ; Pizarro, David ; Baumann, Jolie ; Dickens, Leah ; Lee, Jin Joo.  Detecting the Trustworthiness of Novel Partners in Economic Exchange. Psychological Science. 2012. 23(12): 1549-1556.<\/p>\n<p>Dolphin, Carol Zinner. Beyond hall: Variables in the use of personal space in intercultural transactions. Howard Journal of Communications. 1988. 1(1): 23-38.<\/p>\n<p>Edinger, Joyce A. ; Patterson, Miles L. Zeaman, David (editor). Nonverbal involvement and social control. Psychological Bulletin. 1983. 93(1): 30-56.<\/p>\n<p>Fatt, James P. T. It&#8217;s not what you say, it&#8217;s how you say it.(nonverbal communication). Communication World. 1999. 16(6): 37(4).<\/p>\n<p>Fischer, Julia; Peter Fischer; Birte Englich; Nil\u00fcfer Aydin and Dieter Frey. Empower My Decisions: The Effects of Power Gestures on Confirmatory Information Processing. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology. 2011. 47: 1146-1154.<\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"1IEsNR6fs0\"><p><a href=\"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/articles\/downside-power-posing-body-language-looking-power-posing-action-study\/\">The Downside To Power Posing Body Language Looking At Power Posing In Action, Study<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; visibility: hidden;\" title=\"&#8220;The Downside To Power Posing Body Language Looking At Power Posing In Action, Study&#8221; &#8212; Body Language Project.com\" src=\"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/articles\/downside-power-posing-body-language-looking-power-posing-action-study\/embed\/#?secret=L2unZLxzcP#?secret=1IEsNR6fs0\" data-secret=\"1IEsNR6fs0\" width=\"593\" height=\"334\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"GteOSG4F45\"><p><a href=\"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/articles\/benefits-power-posing-high-stakes-performance\/\">The Benefits Of Power Posing Before High Stakes Performance<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; visibility: hidden;\" title=\"&#8220;The Benefits Of Power Posing Before High Stakes Performance&#8221; &#8212; Body Language Project.com\" src=\"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/articles\/benefits-power-posing-high-stakes-performance\/embed\/#?secret=hkDwvFOytp#?secret=GteOSG4F45\" data-secret=\"GteOSG4F45\" width=\"593\" height=\"334\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>Friedman, R. S., &#038; Fo\u00a8rster, J. (2000). The effects of approach and avoidance motor actions on the elements of creative insight. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 79, 477\u2013492.<\/p>\n<p>Gifford, Robert ; O&#8217;Connor, Brian.  Nonverbal intimacy: Clarifying the role of seating distance and orientation.  Journal of Nonverbal Behavior. 1986 10(4): 207-214.<\/p>\n<p>Gardin, Hershel ; Kaplan, Kalman J. ; Firestone, Ira J. ; Cowan, Gloria A. Lanzetta, John T. (editor). Proxemic effects on cooperation, attitude, and approach-avoidance in a Prisoner&#8217;s Dilemma game. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 1973. 27(1): 13-18.<\/p>\n<p>Graziano, Michael S.A. and Cooke, Dylan F.  Parieto-frontal interactions, personal space, and defensive behavior.  Neuropsychologia. 2006. 44(6): 845-859.<\/p>\n<p>Gorkan Ahmetoglu, Viren Swami. Do Women Prefer \u201cNice Guys?\u201d The Effect Of Male Dominance Behavior On Women\u2019s Ratings. Social Behavior And Personality, 2012; 40(4), 667-672.<\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"N4lV3nVAPU\"><p><a href=\"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/articles\/how-to-significantly-increase-male-attractiveness-with-simple-body-language-nice-guys-finish-last-once-again\/\">How To Significantly Increase Male Attractiveness With Simple Body Language \u2013 \u201cNice Guys\u201d Finish Last Once Again<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; visibility: hidden;\" title=\"&#8220;How To Significantly Increase Male Attractiveness With Simple Body Language \u2013 \u201cNice Guys\u201d Finish Last Once Again&#8221; &#8212; Body Language Project.com\" src=\"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/articles\/how-to-significantly-increase-male-attractiveness-with-simple-body-language-nice-guys-finish-last-once-again\/embed\/#?secret=YQ67P69llr#?secret=N4lV3nVAPU\" data-secret=\"N4lV3nVAPU\" width=\"593\" height=\"334\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>Gorkan Ahmetoglu, Viren Swami. Do Women Prefer \u201cNice Guys?\u201d The Effect Of Male Dominance Behavior On Women\u2019s Ratings. Social Behavior And Personality, 2012; 40(4), 667-672.<\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"N4lV3nVAPU\"><p><a href=\"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/articles\/how-to-significantly-increase-male-attractiveness-with-simple-body-language-nice-guys-finish-last-once-again\/\">How To Significantly Increase Male Attractiveness With Simple Body Language \u2013 \u201cNice Guys\u201d Finish Last Once Again<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; visibility: hidden;\" title=\"&#8220;How To Significantly Increase Male Attractiveness With Simple Body Language \u2013 \u201cNice Guys\u201d Finish Last Once Again&#8221; &#8212; Body Language Project.com\" src=\"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/articles\/how-to-significantly-increase-male-attractiveness-with-simple-body-language-nice-guys-finish-last-once-again\/embed\/#?secret=YQ67P69llr#?secret=N4lV3nVAPU\" data-secret=\"N4lV3nVAPU\" width=\"593\" height=\"334\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>Greenberg, Carl I. ; Firestone, Ira J. Greenwald, Anthony G. (editor). Compensatory responses to crowding: Effects of personal space intrusion and privacy reduction. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 1977. 35(9): 637-644.<\/p>\n<p>Graziano, Michael S.A. and Cooke, Dylan F.  Parieto-frontal interactions, personal space, and defensive behavior.  Neuropsychologia. 2006. 44(6): 845-859.<\/p>\n<p>Haase, Richard F. ; Dimattia, Dominic J. Berdie, Ralph F. (editor).  Proxemic behavior: Counselor, administrator, and client preference for seating arrangement in dyadic interaction. Journal of Counseling Psychology. 1970 17(4): 319-325.<\/p>\n<p>Holt, Daphne J ; Cassidy, Brittany S ; Yue, Xiaomin ; Rauch, Scott L ; Boeke, Emily A ; Nasr, Shahin ; Tootell, Roger B H ; Coombs, Garth.  Neural correlates of personal space intrusion.  The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience. 2014. 34(12): 4123-34.<\/p>\n<p>Huang, L., Galinsky, A. D., Gruenfeld, D. H., &#038; Guillory, L. E. (2011). Powerful postures versus powerful roles: Which is the proximate correlate of thought and behavior? Psychological Science, 22, 95\u2013102.<\/p>\n<p>Koppensteiner, Markus ; Grammer, Karl.  Body movements of male and female speakers and their influence on perceptions of personality. Personality and Individual Differences. 2011. 51(6): 743-747.<\/p>\n<p>Koppensteiner, Markus ; Stephan, Pia ; J\u00e4schke, Johannes Paul Michael. From body motion to cheers: Speakers\u2019 body movements as predictors of applause. Personality and Individual Differences. 2015. 74: 182-185.<\/p>\n<p>Lee Ann Renninger, T. Joel Wade, Karl Grammer. Getting that female glance: Patterns and consequences of male nonverbal behavior in courtship contexts. 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The Ergonomics of Dishonesty: The Effect of Incidental Posture on Stealing, Cheating, and Traffic Violations, 24(11); 2281-2289.<\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"8NgBhIfWKl\"><p><a href=\"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/articles\/body-posture-physical-environment-determine-feelings-and-behaviour-study\/\">Body Posture, Physical Environment, Determine Feelings And Behaviour, Study.<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; visibility: hidden;\" title=\"&#8220;Body Posture, Physical Environment, Determine Feelings And Behaviour, Study.&#8221; &#8212; Body Language Project.com\" src=\"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/articles\/body-posture-physical-environment-determine-feelings-and-behaviour-study\/embed\/#?secret=Gh7xgiDrHp#?secret=8NgBhIfWKl\" data-secret=\"8NgBhIfWKl\" width=\"593\" height=\"334\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Body Language of The Chair Straddler or Seat Straddling Cue: Chair Straddling Synonym(s): Seat Straddling Description: A sitting posture where a person sits on a chair backwards with their legs spread wide open and the forearms rested on the back&hellip;<\/p>\n<p class=\"more-link-p\"><a class=\"more-link\" href=\"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/nonverbal-dictionary\/body-language-of-the-chair-straddler-or-seat-straddling\/\">Read more &rarr;<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[117,116,103,118,53,65,70,111,66],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-321","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-aggressive-body-language","category-arrogance-or-arrogant-body-language","category-barriers","category-crotch-display","category-defensive","category-dominant-body-language","category-expansive-movements","category-low-confidence-body-language","category-threat-displays"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/nonverbal-dictionary\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/321","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/nonverbal-dictionary\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/nonverbal-dictionary\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/nonverbal-dictionary\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/nonverbal-dictionary\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=321"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/nonverbal-dictionary\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/321\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2335,"href":"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/nonverbal-dictionary\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/321\/revisions\/2335"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/nonverbal-dictionary\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=321"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/nonverbal-dictionary\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=321"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/nonverbal-dictionary\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=321"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}