{"id":232,"date":"2014-10-17T15:11:11","date_gmt":"2014-10-17T15:11:11","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/nonverbal-dictionary\/?p=232"},"modified":"2015-06-04T14:26:03","modified_gmt":"2015-06-04T14:26:03","slug":"body-language-of-the-artificial-smile-or-fake-smile","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/nonverbal-dictionary\/body-language-of-the-artificial-smile-or-fake-smile\/","title":{"rendered":"Body Language of The Artificial Smile or Fake Smile"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Body Language of The Artificial Smile or Fake Smile<\/p>\n<p><strong><a href=\"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/nonverbal-dictionary\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/10\/BodyLanguageProjectCom-Artificial-or-Fake-Smile-2.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright size-full wp-image-1188\" alt=\"BodyLanguageProjectCom - Artificial or Fake Smile 2\" src=\"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/nonverbal-dictionary\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/10\/BodyLanguageProjectCom-Artificial-or-Fake-Smile-2.jpg\" width=\"500\" height=\"750\" srcset=\"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/nonverbal-dictionary\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/10\/BodyLanguageProjectCom-Artificial-or-Fake-Smile-2.jpg 500w, http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/nonverbal-dictionary\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/10\/BodyLanguageProjectCom-Artificial-or-Fake-Smile-2-200x300.jpg 200w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/><\/a>Cue<\/strong>: Artificial Smile<\/p>\n<p><strong>Synonym(s)<\/strong>: Pretend Smile, Fake Smile, Phony Smile, False Smile.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Description<\/strong>: A feigned smile where the orbicularis oculi muscles surrounding the eyes play no part and the lips are only stretched across the face with the help of the zygomatic muscles surrounding the mouth. The tell-tale cue is the fake smile is the lack of \u201ccrows feet.\u201d The teeth are often bared, with a tense jaw and the lips show asymmetry.<\/p>\n<p>In One Sentence: A fake smile, where the eyes play no part, shows others that one is not sincere in their happiness.<\/p>\n<p><strong>How To Use it<\/strong>: Use the fake smile to appease others whilst remaining polite. This is the smile used to fake your way through a photograph. The fake smile is often naturally occurring and you may wish to do it to show that you are not really on board with another person or their ideas. A fake smile is a great way to show people that you can be cooperative, but also apathetic to the situation at hand.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Context<\/strong>: General<\/p>\n<p><strong>Verbal Translation<\/strong>: \u201cI acknowledge you are there, but I\u2019m not exactly brimming with joy to see you.\u201d I\u2019m putting on a fake smile just to appease other people so they leave me alone.\u201d<\/p>\n<p><strong>Variant<\/strong>: See <a href=\"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/nonverbal-dictionary\/body-language-of-fear-smile-or-stress-smile\/\" target=\"_blank\">Fear Smile<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/nonverbal-dictionary\/body-language-of-friendly-smile\/\" target=\"_blank\">Friendly Smile<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/nonverbal-dictionary\/body-language-of-the-frown-or-downturned-smile\/\" target=\"_blank\">Frown (the) or Downturned Smile<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/nonverbal-dictionary\/body-language-of-honest-smile-or-duchenne-smile\/\" target=\"_blank\">Honest Smile or Duchenne Smile<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/nonverbal-dictionary\/body-language-of-jaw-drop-smile\/\" target=\"_blank\">Jaw Drop Smile<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/nonverbal-dictionary\/body-language-of-the-nervous-smile\/\" target=\"_blank\">Nervous Smile<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/nonverbal-dictionary\/body-language-of-polite-smile-the\/\" target=\"_blank\">Polite Smile (the)<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/nonverbal-dictionary\/body-language-of-the-uneven-smile-or-lopsided-smile\/\" target=\"_blank\">Uneven Smile Or Lopsided Smile<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/nonverbal-dictionary\/body-language-of-upper-lip-smile\/\" target=\"_blank\">Upper Lip Smile<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Cue In Action<\/strong>: a) A group of friends flash an artificial smile while posing for a photograph. b) When two strangers pass on the sidewalk, they each perform a fake smile to acknowledge each other. c) While being caught in a lie, the lips of the liar are stretched across his face to cover up his stress. d) It was obvious her statement wasn\u2019t to be believed because it was followed by a fake smile.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Meaning and\/or Motivation<\/strong>: Fake smiles are appeasement gestures done to show other people that we\u2019re not threat and mean no harm, but that we aren\u2019t experiencing real joy or happiness. Thus, the fake smile is not genuine.<\/p>\n<p>Artificial smiles can also indicate that a person isn\u2019t telling the truth. For example, the statement \u201cHe\u2019s a great boss, I\u2019d switch companies and follow him anywhere if he left\u201d that is followed by a fake smile indicates that the entire statement is false.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Cue Cluster<\/strong>: The fake smile is a sand-alone cue and need no supporting cues to have meaning. Fake smiles can be accompanied by averted eyes, arm crossing, arms in pockets and various other closed body language.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Body Language Category<\/strong>: Appease, Nonthreatening body language, Stressful body language.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Resources:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Abel, Ernest L. and Michael L. Kruger. Smile Intensity in Photographs Predicts Longevity. Psychological Science. 2010. 21(4): 542-544.<br \/>\nSeder, J. Patrick and Shigehiro Oishi. Intensity of Smiling in Facebook Photos Predicts Future Life Satisfaction. Social Psychological and Personality Science. 2012. 3(4): 407-413.<\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"U42Mf3rvlj\"><p><a href=\"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/articles\/facebook-smile-predicts-life-satisfaction\/\">Your Facebook Smile Predicts Life Satisfaction<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; visibility: hidden;\" title=\"&#8220;Your Facebook Smile Predicts Life Satisfaction&#8221; &#8212; Body Language Project.com\" src=\"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/articles\/facebook-smile-predicts-life-satisfaction\/embed\/#?secret=VXkBxYammA#?secret=U42Mf3rvlj\" data-secret=\"U42Mf3rvlj\" width=\"593\" height=\"334\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>Colonnesi, Cristina; Susan M. Bogels; Wieke de Vente and Mirjana Majdandzic. What Coy Smiles Say About Positive Shyness in Early Infancy. Infancy. 2013. 18(2): 202\u2013220. ISSN: 1525-0008 print \/ 1532-7078 online<br \/>\nDOI: 10.1111\/j.1532-7078.2012.00117.x<\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"8PQ1OIuO3Y\"><p><a href=\"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/articles\/nonverbal-meaning-coy-smiles-infants\/\">The Nonverbal Meaning Of Coy Smiles In Infants<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; visibility: hidden;\" title=\"&#8220;The Nonverbal Meaning Of Coy Smiles In Infants&#8221; &#8212; Body Language Project.com\" src=\"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/articles\/nonverbal-meaning-coy-smiles-infants\/embed\/#?secret=Nj93HILb38#?secret=8PQ1OIuO3Y\" data-secret=\"8PQ1OIuO3Y\" width=\"593\" height=\"334\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>Cashdan, Elizabeth.  Smiles, Speech, and Body Posture: How Women and Men Display Sociometric Status and Power. Journal of Nonverbal Behavior. 1998. 22(4): 209-228.<\/p>\n<p>Centorrino, Samuele, Elodie Djemai, Astrid Hopfensitz, Manfred Milinski, Paul Seabright. Honest Signaling in Trust Interactions: Smiles Rated as Genuine Induce Trust and Signal Higher Earning Opportunities. Evolution and Human Behavior DOI:<br \/>\ndx.doi.org\/10.1016\/j.evolhumbehav.2014.08.001.<\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"KUjfuo7kwP\"><p><a href=\"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/articles\/smile-great-gain-smiling-key-negotiation\/\">Smile For Great Gain \u2013 How Smiling Is Key In Negotiation<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; visibility: hidden;\" title=\"&#8220;Smile For Great Gain \u2013 How Smiling Is Key In Negotiation&#8221; &#8212; Body Language Project.com\" src=\"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/articles\/smile-great-gain-smiling-key-negotiation\/embed\/#?secret=7sX0BIzOQQ#?secret=KUjfuo7kwP\" data-secret=\"KUjfuo7kwP\" width=\"593\" height=\"334\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>Ekman, P., Davidson, R., &#038; Friesen, W. V. (1990). The Duchenne smile: Emotional expression and brain physiology II. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 58, 342\u2013353.<\/p>\n<p>Ekman, P., &#038; Friesen, W. V. (1982). Felt, false and miserable smiles. Journal of Nonverbal Behavior, 6, 238\u2013252.<\/p>\n<p>Ekman, P., Friesen, W. V., &#038; O\u2019Sullivan, M. (1988). Smiles when lying. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 54, 414\u2013420.<\/p>\n<p>Ekman, P., Roper, G., &#038; Hager, J. C. (1980). Deliberate facial movement. Child Development, 51, 886\u2013891.<\/p>\n<p>Frank, M. G., &#038; Ekman, P. (1993). Not all smiles are created equal: The differences between enjoyment and nonenjoyment smiles. Humor: International Journal of Humor Research, 6, 9\u201326.<\/p>\n<p>Frank, M. G., Ekman, P., &#038; Friesen, W. V. (1993). Behavioral markers and recognizability of the smile of enjoyment. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 64, 83\u201393.<\/p>\n<p>Fairbairn, Catharine E.; Michael A. Sayette; Odd O. Aalen and Arnoldo Frigessi. Alcohol and Emotional Contagion: An Examination of the Spreading of Smiles in Male and Female Drinking Groups. Clinical Psychological Science. 2014. DOI: 2167702614548892<\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"dutvzyzuw6\"><p><a href=\"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/articles\/alcohol-social-lubricant-male-smiles\/\">Alcohol Is the Social Lubricant For Male Smiles<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; visibility: hidden;\" title=\"&#8220;Alcohol Is the Social Lubricant For Male Smiles&#8221; &#8212; Body Language Project.com\" src=\"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/articles\/alcohol-social-lubricant-male-smiles\/embed\/#?secret=T6dnxblWRW#?secret=dutvzyzuw6\" data-secret=\"dutvzyzuw6\" width=\"593\" height=\"334\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>Gueguen, Nicolas. Weather and Smiling Contagion: A Quasi Experiment With the Smiling Sunshine. Journal of Nonverbal Behavior. 2013. 37:51\u201355. DOI 10.1007\/s10919-012-0140-y<\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"9f3l0A7gYu\"><p><a href=\"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/articles\/weather-smile-not-contagion-smile-linked-weather-conditions\/\">\u2018Weather\u2019 To Smile Or Not \u2013 Contagion Of A Smile Linked To Weather Conditions<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; visibility: hidden;\" title=\"&#8220;\u2018Weather\u2019 To Smile Or Not \u2013 Contagion Of A Smile Linked To Weather Conditions&#8221; &#8212; Body Language Project.com\" src=\"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/articles\/weather-smile-not-contagion-smile-linked-weather-conditions\/embed\/#?secret=6SMorgBZxY#?secret=9f3l0A7gYu\" data-secret=\"9f3l0A7gYu\" width=\"593\" height=\"334\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>Gosselin, Pierre; Reem Maassarani; Alastair Younger and M\u00e9lanie Perron. Children\u2019s Deliberate Control of Facial Action Units Involved in Sad and Happy Expressions. Journal of Nonverbal Behaviour. 2011. 35:225\u2013242. DOI 10.1007\/s10919-011-0110-9.<\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"ezLQlgG5KN\"><p><a href=\"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/articles\/childrens-control-facial-actions-improve-age-create-accurate-emotional-expressions\/\">Children\u2019s Control of Facial Actions Improve With Age To Create Accurate Emotional Expressions<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; visibility: hidden;\" title=\"&#8220;Children\u2019s Control of Facial Actions Improve With Age To Create Accurate Emotional Expressions&#8221; &#8212; Body Language Project.com\" src=\"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/articles\/childrens-control-facial-actions-improve-age-create-accurate-emotional-expressions\/embed\/#?secret=clrA2nylzu#?secret=ezLQlgG5KN\" data-secret=\"ezLQlgG5KN\" width=\"593\" height=\"334\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>Gunnery, Sarah D.; Judith A. Hall and Mollie A. Ruben. The Deliberate Duchenne Smile: Individual Differences in Expressive Control. Journal of Nonverbal Behavior. 2013. 37:29\u201341. DOI 10.1007\/s10919-012-0139-4<\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"s5Dymxg54X\"><p><a href=\"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/articles\/can-probably-fake-honest-smile-deliberate-duchenne-smile\/\">You Can Probably Fake An Honest Smile &#8211; The Deliberate Duchenne Smile<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; visibility: hidden;\" title=\"&#8220;You Can Probably Fake An Honest Smile &#8211; The Deliberate Duchenne Smile&#8221; &#8212; Body Language Project.com\" src=\"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/articles\/can-probably-fake-honest-smile-deliberate-duchenne-smile\/embed\/#?secret=ysnDALNlqw#?secret=s5Dymxg54X\" data-secret=\"s5Dymxg54X\" width=\"593\" height=\"334\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>Golle, Jessika; Fred W.; Mast and Janek S. Lobmaier. Something to Smile About: The Interrelationship Between Attractiveness and Emotional Expression. Cognition and Emotion, 2014. 28:2: 298-310. DOI: 10.1080\/02699931.2013.817383.<\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"uCi9jihSQs\"><p><a href=\"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/articles\/smiles-arent-just-cameras\/\">Smiles Aren\u2019t Just For The Cameras<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; visibility: hidden;\" title=\"&#8220;Smiles Aren\u2019t Just For The Cameras&#8221; &#8212; Body Language Project.com\" src=\"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/articles\/smiles-arent-just-cameras\/embed\/#?secret=K37JtTSPOe#?secret=uCi9jihSQs\" data-secret=\"uCi9jihSQs\" width=\"593\" height=\"334\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>Gu\u00e9guen, N. The Effect Of A Woman\u2019s Smile On Men\u2019s Courtship Behavior. Social Behavior and Personality. 2008. 36(9): 1233-1236.<\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"Vzt6Gsp9vm\"><p><a href=\"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/articles\/how-women-can-use-a-simple-smile-to-attract-men\/\">How Women Can Use A Simple Smile To Attract Men<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; visibility: hidden;\" title=\"&#8220;How Women Can Use A Simple Smile To Attract Men&#8221; &#8212; Body Language Project.com\" src=\"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/articles\/how-women-can-use-a-simple-smile-to-attract-men\/embed\/#?secret=efDW6nXkhN#?secret=Vzt6Gsp9vm\" data-secret=\"Vzt6Gsp9vm\" width=\"593\" height=\"334\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>Gu\u00e9guen, N., &#038; Fischer-Lokou, J. (2004). Hitchhiker\u2019s Smiles And Receipt Of Help. Psychological Reports. 94: 756-760.<\/p>\n<p>Grandey, Alicia A. ; Fisk, Glenda M. ; Mattila, Anna S. ; Jansen, Karen J. ; Sideman, Lori A. Is \u201cservice with a smile\u201d enough? Authenticity of positive displays during service encounters. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes. 2005. 96(1): 38-55.<\/p>\n<p>Harker, L. A., &#038; Keltner, D. (2001). Expressions of positive emotion in women\u2019s college yearbook pictures and their relationship to personality and life outcomes across adulthood. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 80, 112\u2013124.<\/p>\n<p>Hertenstein, Matthew J.; Carrie A. Hansel; Alissa M. Butts and Sarah N. Hile. Smile Intensity In Photographs Predicts Divorce Later In Life. Motiv Emot. 2009; 33:99-105<br \/>\nDOI 10.1007\/s11031-009-9124-6<\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"HGInieVyMZ\"><p><a href=\"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/articles\/small-smiles-predicts-divorce\/\">Small Smiles Predicts Divorce<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; visibility: hidden;\" title=\"&#8220;Small Smiles Predicts Divorce&#8221; &#8212; Body Language Project.com\" src=\"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/articles\/small-smiles-predicts-divorce\/embed\/#?secret=as63zCcRgi#?secret=HGInieVyMZ\" data-secret=\"HGInieVyMZ\" width=\"593\" height=\"334\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>Harker, L., &#038; Keltner, D. (2001). Expressions Of Positive Emotion In Women\u2019s College Yearbook Pictures And Their Relationship To Personality And Life Outcomes Across Adulthood. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 80(1), 112\u2013124. doi: 10.1037\/0022-3514.80.1.112.<\/p>\n<p>Krumhuber, E., Manstead, A., &#038; Kappas, A. Temporal Aspects of Facial Displays in Person and Expression Perception: The Effects of Smile Dynamics, Head-tilt, and Gender. Journal of Nonverbal Behavior. 2007. 31(1), 39-56.<\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"ujGs9Li4gm\"><p><a href=\"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/articles\/slow-onset-smile-best\/\">Slow Onset Smile Are Best<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; visibility: hidden;\" title=\"&#8220;Slow Onset Smile Are Best&#8221; &#8212; Body Language Project.com\" src=\"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/articles\/slow-onset-smile-best\/embed\/#?secret=tUxIShzcer#?secret=ujGs9Li4gm\" data-secret=\"ujGs9Li4gm\" width=\"593\" height=\"334\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>Johnson, Kareemj. ; Waugh, Christiane. ; Fredrickson, Barbaral. Smile to see the forest: Facially expressed positive emotions broaden cognition. Cognition &#038; Emotion. 2010. 24(2): 299-321.<\/p>\n<p>Johnston, L., Miles, L., &#038; Macrae, C. N. (2010). Why are you smiling at me? Social functions of enjoyment and non-enjoyment smiles. British Journal of Social Psychology, 49, 107\u2013127.<\/p>\n<p>Krumhuber, Eva ; Likowski, Katja ; Weyers, Peter. Facial Mimicry of Spontaneous and Deliberate Duchenne and Non-Duchenne Smiles. Journal of Nonverbal Behavior. 2014. 38(1): 1-11.<\/p>\n<p>Krause, Michael W. and Teh-Way David Chen. A Winning Smile? Smile Intensity, Physical Dominance, and Fighter Performance. Emotion. 2013. 13 (2): 270\u2013279. DOI: 10.1037\/a0030745<\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"lVDWTFYTOZ\"><p><a href=\"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/articles\/smile-lose-smile-intensity-predicts-fighting-ability\/\">You Smile, You Lose \u2013 Smile Intensity Predicts Fighting Ability<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; visibility: hidden;\" title=\"&#8220;You Smile, You Lose \u2013 Smile Intensity Predicts Fighting Ability&#8221; &#8212; Body Language Project.com\" src=\"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/articles\/smile-lose-smile-intensity-predicts-fighting-ability\/embed\/#?secret=7pk1K5MHGY#?secret=lVDWTFYTOZ\" data-secret=\"lVDWTFYTOZ\" width=\"593\" height=\"334\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>Krumhuber, Eva G.; Manstead and Antony S. R. Can Duchenne smiles be feigned? New evidence on felt and false smiles. Emotion. 2009. 9 (6): 807-820.<\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"Oge1fwiCxY\"><p><a href=\"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/articles\/can-fake-real-smile-practice\/\">You Can Fake A Real Smile With Practice<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; visibility: hidden;\" title=\"&#8220;You Can Fake A Real Smile With Practice&#8221; &#8212; Body Language Project.com\" src=\"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/articles\/can-fake-real-smile-practice\/embed\/#?secret=jg2JVqmsNB#?secret=Oge1fwiCxY\" data-secret=\"Oge1fwiCxY\" width=\"593\" height=\"334\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>Krumhuber, Eva; Antony S. R.; Manstead; and Arvid Kappas. Temporal Aspects of Facial Displays in Person and Expression Perception: The Effects of Smile Dynamics, Head-tilt, and Gender. Journal Nonverbal Behavior. 2007; 31: 39-56.<br \/>\nDOI 10.1007\/s10919-006-0019-x<\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"s5vUiXGoGi\"><p><a href=\"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/articles\/head-tilt-and-slow-onset-smile-nonverbals-trust-attraction-dominance-and-flirting-a-brief-report\/\">Head Tilt And Slow Onset Smile Nonverbals \u2013 Trust, Attraction, Dominance, and Flirting A Brief Report<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; visibility: hidden;\" title=\"&#8220;Head Tilt And Slow Onset Smile Nonverbals \u2013 Trust, Attraction, Dominance, and Flirting A Brief Report&#8221; &#8212; Body Language Project.com\" src=\"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/articles\/head-tilt-and-slow-onset-smile-nonverbals-trust-attraction-dominance-and-flirting-a-brief-report\/embed\/#?secret=BEKLm3TtUw#?secret=s5vUiXGoGi\" data-secret=\"s5vUiXGoGi\" width=\"593\" height=\"334\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>Lewis, David. 1999.  The Secret Languages of Success: Using Body Language to Get What You Want. BBS Publishing Corporation.<\/p>\n<p>Lockard, J. S., McVittie, R. I., &#038; Isaac, L. M. (1977). Functional Significance Of The Affiliative Smile. Bulletin of the Psychonomic Society, 9, 367-370.<\/p>\n<p>Labroo, Aparna A.; Anirban Mukhopadhyay; Ping Dong. Not Always the Best Medicine: Why Frequent Smiling Can Reduce Wellbeing. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology. 2014. 53:156-162.<\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"GJpJNfhQgK\"><p><a href=\"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/articles\/why-too-much-smiling-can-be-bad-for-you\/\">Why Too Much Smiling Can Be Bad For You<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; visibility: hidden;\" title=\"&#8220;Why Too Much Smiling Can Be Bad For You&#8221; &#8212; Body Language Project.com\" src=\"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/articles\/why-too-much-smiling-can-be-bad-for-you\/embed\/#?secret=khB1UCUfOO#?secret=GJpJNfhQgK\" data-secret=\"GJpJNfhQgK\" width=\"593\" height=\"334\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>Mehu, Marc ; Grammer, Karl ; Dunbar, Robin I.M. Smiles when sharing. Evolution and Human Behavior. 2007. 28(6): 415-422.<\/p>\n<p>Mehu, M., Little, A. C., &#038; Dunbar, R. I. M. (2007). Duchenne smiles and the perception of generosity and sociability in faces. Journal of Evolutionary Psychology, 5, 133\u2013146.<\/p>\n<p>Okubo, Matia; Akihiro, Kobayashi and Kenta Ishikawa. A Fake Smile Thwarts Cheater Detection. Journal of Nonverbal Behaviour. 2012. 36:217\u2013225. DOI 10.1007\/s10919-012-0134-9<\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"EbelZhTkqQ\"><p><a href=\"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/articles\/fake-till-make-cheaters-fake-smile-make-lies-difficult-detect\/\">Fake It \u2018Till You Make It \u2013 Cheaters Fake Smile Make Lies More Difficult to Detect<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; visibility: hidden;\" title=\"&#8220;Fake It \u2018Till You Make It \u2013 Cheaters Fake Smile Make Lies More Difficult to Detect&#8221; &#8212; Body Language Project.com\" src=\"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/articles\/fake-till-make-cheaters-fake-smile-make-lies-difficult-detect\/embed\/#?secret=6YDo3TbFUO#?secret=EbelZhTkqQ\" data-secret=\"EbelZhTkqQ\" width=\"593\" height=\"334\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>Prkachin, Kenneth M. ; Silverman, Barbara E. Stone, Arthur A. (editor) Hostility and Facial Expression in Young Men and Women: Is Social Regulation More Important Than Negative Affect? Health Psychology. 2002. 21(1): 33-39. <\/p>\n<p>Quadflieg, Susanne ; Vermeulen, Nicolas ; Rossion, Bruno. Differential Reliance on the Duchenne Marker During Smile Evaluations and Person Judgments. Journal of Nonverbal Behavior. 2013. 37(2): 69-77.<\/p>\n<p>Reed, Lawrence Ian; Katharine N. Zeglen and Karen L. Schmidt. Facial Expressions as Honest Signals of Cooperative Intent in a One-Shot Anonymous Prisoner\u2019s Dilemma Game. Evolution and Human Behavior. 2012. 33: 200-209.<\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"scWGtHqTwZ\"><p><a href=\"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/articles\/facial-expressions-honest-signals-smiling-contempt-predict-cooperation-defection\/\">Facial Expressions As Honest Signals \u2013 How Smiling and Contempt Predict Cooperation and Defection<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; visibility: hidden;\" title=\"&#8220;Facial Expressions As Honest Signals \u2013 How Smiling and Contempt Predict Cooperation and Defection&#8221; &#8212; Body Language Project.com\" src=\"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/articles\/facial-expressions-honest-signals-smiling-contempt-predict-cooperation-defection\/embed\/#?secret=nrTc8oqjyD#?secret=scWGtHqTwZ\" data-secret=\"scWGtHqTwZ\" width=\"593\" height=\"334\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>Reissland, Nadja; Brian Francis, James Mason, Karen Lincoln. Do Facial Expressions Develop before Birth? August 2011. 6(8): e24081. doi:10.1371\/journal.pone.0024081.g001<\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"Aq3RxHhHHT\"><p><a href=\"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/articles\/the-cry-and-laugh-face-in-the-human-fetus\/\">The Cry and Laugh Face In The Human Fetus<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; visibility: hidden;\" title=\"&#8220;The Cry and Laugh Face In The Human Fetus&#8221; &#8212; Body Language Project.com\" src=\"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/articles\/the-cry-and-laugh-face-in-the-human-fetus\/embed\/#?secret=sQWzmjXvah#?secret=Aq3RxHhHHT\" data-secret=\"Aq3RxHhHHT\" width=\"593\" height=\"334\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>Surakka, V., &#038; Hietanen, J. K. (1998). Facial and emotional reactions to Duchenne and non-Duchenne smiles. International Journal of Psychophysiology, 29, 23\u201333.<\/p>\n<p>Thibault, Pascal ; Gosselin, Pierre ; Brunel, Marie &#8211; Lise ; Hess, Ursula. Children&#8217;s and Adolescents&#8217; Perception of the Authenticity of Smiles. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology. 2009. 102(3): 360-367.<\/p>\n<p>Tidd, K., &#038; Lockard, J. (1978). Monetary Significance Of The Affiliative Smile: A Case For Reciprocal Altruism. Bulletin of the Psychonomic Society, 11, 344-346.<\/p>\n<p>Vazire, S., Naumann, L.P., Rentfrow, P. J., and Gosling, S. D. (2009). Smiling reflects different emotions in men and women. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 32:5, 403\u2013405.<\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"Sx9fDnTHUU\"><p><a href=\"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/articles\/smiling-reflects-different-emotions-men-women\/\">Smiling Reflects Different Emotions in Men and Women<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; visibility: hidden;\" title=\"&#8220;Smiling Reflects Different Emotions in Men and Women&#8221; &#8212; Body Language Project.com\" src=\"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/articles\/smiling-reflects-different-emotions-men-women\/embed\/#?secret=Pwww1M4871#?secret=Sx9fDnTHUU\" data-secret=\"Sx9fDnTHUU\" width=\"593\" height=\"334\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>Vigil, J. M. (2009). A socio-relational framework of sex differences in the expression of emotion. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 32, 375\u2013428.<\/p>\n<p>Walsh, D. G., &#038; Hewitt, J. (1985). Giving Men The Come-On: Effect Of Eye Contact And Smiling In A Bar Environment. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 61, 873-874.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Body Language of The Artificial Smile or Fake Smile Cue: Artificial Smile Synonym(s): Pretend Smile, Fake Smile, Phony Smile, False Smile. Description: A feigned smile where the orbicularis oculi muscles surrounding the eyes play no part and the lips are&hellip;<\/p>\n<p class=\"more-link-p\"><a class=\"more-link\" href=\"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/nonverbal-dictionary\/body-language-of-the-artificial-smile-or-fake-smile\/\">Read more &rarr;<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[79,80,57],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-232","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-appease","category-nonthreatening-body-language","category-stressful-body-language"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/nonverbal-dictionary\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/232","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/nonverbal-dictionary\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/nonverbal-dictionary\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/nonverbal-dictionary\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/nonverbal-dictionary\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=232"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/nonverbal-dictionary\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/232\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2306,"href":"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/nonverbal-dictionary\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/232\/revisions\/2306"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/nonverbal-dictionary\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=232"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/nonverbal-dictionary\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=232"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/bodylanguageproject.com\/nonverbal-dictionary\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=232"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}